Bibliography

Abad CL, Safdar N. The role of lactobacillus probiotics in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections--a systematic review. J Chemother. 2009;21:243-52.

Abbai NS, Reddy T, Ramjee G. Prevalent bacterial vaginosis infection - a risk factor for incident sexually transmitted infections in women in Durban, South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27:1283-8.

Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Frohlich JA, et al. Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. Science. 2010;329:1168-74.

Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q, Kharsany AB, et al. Tenofovir Gel for the Prevention of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:530-9.

Aberg JA, Gallant JE, Ghanem KG, Emmanuel P, Zingman BS, Horberg MA. Primary care guidelines for the management of persons infected with HIV: 2013 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:1-10.

ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. No. 82 June 2007. Management of herpes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:1489-98.

Adair CD, Gunter M, Stovall TG, McElroy G, Veille JC, Ernest JM. Chlamydia in pregnancy: a randomized trial of azithromycin and erythromycin. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;91:165-8.

Adegoke AO, Akanni O, Dirisu J. Risk of transfusion-transmitted syphilis in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. N Am J Med Sci. 2011;3:78-81.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Recommended Immunization Schedule for Ages 19 Years or Older, United States, 2022.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Adult Immunization Schedule by Age. Recommendation for Ages 19 Years or Older, United States, 2024.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule by Age. Recommendations for Ages 18 Years or Younger, United States, 2024.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Recommended Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2022

Aguilera-Alonso D, Alonso-Cadenas JA, Roguera-Sopena M, Lorusso N, Miguel LGS, Calvo C. Monkeypox virus infections in children in Spain during the first months of the 2022 outbreak. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022;6:e22-e23.

Aguin T, Akins RA, Sobel JD. High-dose vaginal maintenance metronidazole for recurrent bacterial vaginosis: a pilot study. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41:290-1.

Akiyama Y, Morioka S, Tsuzuki S, et al. Efficacy and viral dynamics of tecovirimat in patients with MPOX: A multicenter open-label, double-arm trial in Japan. J Infect Chemother. 2023 Nov 30. Online ahead of print

Alarcón J, Kim M, Balanji N, et al. Occupational Monkeypox Virus Transmission to Healthcare Worker, California, USA, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29:435-7.

Alcaide ML, Feaster DJ, Duan R, et al. The incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending nine sexually transmitted diseases clinics in the USA. Sex Transm Infect. 2016;92:58-62.

Aldred B, Lyles RH, Scott JY, et al. Early Tecovirimat Treatment for Mpox Disease Among People With HIV. JAMA Intern Med. 2024 Jan 8. Online ahead of print.

Allsworth JE, Peipert JF. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis: 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:114-20.

Althaus CL, Heijne JC, Low N. Towards more robust estimates of the transmissibility of Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:402-4.

Althaus CL, Turner KM, Mercer CH, et al. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of traditional and new partner notification technologies for curable sexually transmitted infections: observational study, systematic reviews and mathematical modelling. Health Technol Assess. 2014;18:1-100, vii-viii.

Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach D, Holmes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med. 1983;74:14-22.

Anal Cancer Information. University of California at San Francisco.

Anderson BL, Firnhaber C, Liu T, et al. Effect of trichomoniasis therapy on genital HIV viral burden among African women. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:638-42.

Anderson MR, Klink K, Cohrssen A. Evaluation of vaginal complaints. JAMA. 2004;291:1368-79.

Andrea SB, Chapin KC. Comparison of Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis transcription-mediated amplification assay and BD affirm VPIII for detection of T. vaginalis in symptomatic women: performance parameters and epidemiological implications. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:866-9.

Andrei G, Fiten P, Goubau P, et al. Dual infection with polyomavirus BK and acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus successfully treated with cidofovir in a bone marrow transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis. 2007;9:126-31.

Anic GM, Lee JH, Stockwell H, et al. Incidence and human papillomavirus (HPV) type distribution of genital warts in a multinational cohort of men: the HPV in men study. J Infect Dis. 2011;204:1886-92.

Anschuetz GL, Asbel L, Spain CV, et al. Association between enhanced screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and reductions in sequelae among women. J Adolesc Health. 2012;51:80-5.

Antonio MA, Meyn LA, Murray PJ, Busse B, Hillier SL. Vaginal colonization by probiotic Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 is decreased by sexual activity and endogenous Lactobacilli. J Infect Dis. 2009;199:1506-13.

Aoki FY, Tyring S, Diaz-Mitoma F, Gross G, Gao J, Hamed K. Single-day, patient-initiated famciclovir therapy for recurrent genital herpes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:8-13.

Aridogan IA, Izol V, Ilkit M. Superficial fungal infections of the male genitalia: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2011;37:237-44.

Arima Y, Winer RL, Feng Q, et al. Development of genital warts after incident detection of human papillomavirus infection in young men. J Infect Dis. 2010;202:1181-4.

Arroyo R, González-Robles A, Martínez-Palomo A, Alderete JF. Signalling of Trichomonas vaginalis for amoeboid transformation and adhesion synthesis follows cytoadherence. Mol Microbiol. 1993;7:299-309.

Arvin AM, Hensleigh PA, Prober CG, et al. Failure of antepartum maternal cultures to predict the infant's risk of exposure to herpes simplex virus at delivery. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:796-800.

Ashley RL, Militoni J, Lee F, Nahmias A, Corey L. Comparison of Western blot (immunoblot) and glycoprotein G-specific immunodot enzyme assay for detecting antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in human sera. J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26:662-7.

Ashley RL, Wald A. Genital herpes: review of the epidemic and potential use of type-specific serology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12:1-8.

Ashley RL. Sorting out the new HSV type specific antibody tests. Sex Transm Infect. 2001;77:232-7.

Ashley-Morrow R, Krantz E, Wald A. Time course of seroconversion by HerpeSelect ELISA after acquisition of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or HSV-2. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30:310-4.

Ashshi AM, Batwa SA, Kutbi SY, Malibary FA, Batwa M, Refaat B. Prevalence of 7 sexually transmitted organisms by multiplex real-time PCR in Fallopian tube specimens collected from Saudi women with and without ectopic pregnancy. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:569.

Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Laboratory diagnostic testing for Treponema pallidum, Expert Consultation Meeting Summary Report, January 13-15, 2009, Atlanta, GA.

Association of Public Health Laboratories. Advances in the laboratory detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. August 2013.

Augenbraun M, Bachmann L, Wallace T, Dubouchet L, McCormack W, Hook EW 3rd. Compliance with doxycycline therapy in sexually transmitted diseases clinics. Sex Transm Dis. 1998;25:1-4.

Averbach SH, Hacker MR, Yiu T, Modest AM, Dimitrakoff J, Ricciotti HA. Mycoplasma genitalium and preterm delivery at an urban community health center. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013;123:54-7.

Awasthi S, Mahairas GG, Shaw CE, et al. A Dual-Modality Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Vaccine for Preventing Genital Herpes by Using Glycoprotein C and D Subunit Antigens To Induce Potent Antibody Responses and Adenovirus Vectors Containing Capsid and Tegument Proteins as T Cell Immunogens. J Virol. 2015;89:8497-509.

Bérard A, Sheehy O, Zhao JP, et al. Associations between low- and high-dose oral fluconazole and pregnancy outcomes: 3 nested case-control studies. CMAJ. 2019;191:E179-E187.

Bachmann LH, Hobbs MM, Seña AC, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis genital infections: progress and challenges. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53 Suppl 3:S160-72.

Bachmann LH, Johnson RE, Cheng H, et al. Nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis rectal infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:1827-32.

Bachmann LH, Johnson RE, Cheng H, Markowitz LE, Papp JR, Hook EW 3rd. Nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae oropharyngeal infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:902-7.

Bachmann LH, Kirkcaldy RD, Geisler WM, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance Mutations, and Symptom Resolution Following Treatment of Urethritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:e624-e632.

Bachmann LH, Stephens J, Richey CM, Hook EW 3rd. Measured versus self-reported compliance with doxycycline therapy for chlamydia-associated syndromes: high therapeutic success rates despite poor compliance. Sex Transm Dis. 1999;26:272-8.

Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:399-410.

Baeten JM, Strick LB, Lucchetti A, et al. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-suppressive therapy decreases plasma and genital HIV-1 levels in HSV-2/HIV-1 coinfected women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:1804-8.

Balfour HH Jr. Antiviral drugs. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1255-68.

Balish M, Bertaccini A, Blanchard A, et al. Recommended rejection of the names Malacoplasma gen. nov., Mesomycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasma gen. nov., Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov., Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., Mycoplasmoides gen. nov., Mycoplasmopsis gen. nov. [Gupta, Sawnani, Adeolu, Alnajar and Oren 2018] and all proposed species comb. nov. placed therein. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2019;69:3650-3.

Balkus JE, Manhart LE, Jensen JS, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium Infection in Kenyan and US Women. Sex Transm Dis. 2018;45:514-21.

Balkus JE, Manhart LE, Lee J, et al. Periodic Presumptive Treatment for Vaginal Infections May Reduce the Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections. J Infect Dis. 2016;213:1932-7.

Balkus JE, Richardson BA, Mochache V, et al. A prospective cohort study comparing the effect of single-dose 2 g metronidazole on Trichomonas vaginalis infection in HIV-seropositive versus HIV-seronegative women. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:499-505.

Ball SL, Winder DM, Vaughan K, et al. Analyses of human papillomavirus genotypes and viral loads in anogenital warts. J Med Virol. 2011;83:1345-50.

Balmelli C, Günthard HF. Gonococcal tonsillar infection--a case report and literature review. Infection. 2003;31:362-5.

Bar-Oz B, Moretti ME, Boskovic R, O'Brien L, Koren G. The safety of quinolones—a meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;143:75-8.

Barbee LA, Khosropour CM, Dombrowksi JC, Golden MR. New human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis independently associated with rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia in men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Dis. 2017;44:385-9.

Barbee LA, Khosropour CM, Dombrowski JC, Manhart LE, Golden MR. An estimate of the proportion of symptomatic gonococcal, chlamydial and non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis attributable to oral sex among men who have sex with men: a case-control study. Sex Transm Infect. 2016;92:155-60.

Barbee LA, Soge OO, Khosropour CM, et al. The Duration of Pharyngeal Gonorrhea: A Natural History Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:575-82.

Barbosa C, Macasaet M, Brockmann S, Sierra MF, Xia Z, Duerr A. Pelvic inflammatory disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89:65-70.

Barnabas RV, Celum C. Infectious co-factors in HIV-1 transmission herpes simplex virus type-2 and HIV-1: new insights and interventions. Curr HIV Res. 2012;10:228-37.

Bartlett BL, Tyring SK, Fife K, et al. Famciclovir treatment options for patients with frequent outbreaks of recurrent genital herpes: the RELIEF trial. J Clin Virol. 2008;43:190-5.

Batteiger BE, Xu F, Johnson RE, Rekart ML. Protective immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection: evidence from human studies. J Infect Dis. 2010;201 Suppl 2:S178-89.

Baughn RE, Musher DM. Secondary syphilitic lesions. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18:205-16.

Bautista CT, Wurapa E, Sateren WB, Morris S, Hollingsworth B, Sanchez JL. Bacterial vaginosis: a synthesis of the literature on etiology, prevalence, risk factors, and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. Mil Med Res. 2016;3:4.

Beauman JG. Genital herpes: a review. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72:1527-34.

Beeson A, Styczynski A, Hutson CL, et al. Mpox respiratory transmission: the state of the evidence. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4:e277-e283.

Benard VB, Castle PE, Jenison SA, et al. Population-Based Incidence Rates of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Era. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3:833-7.

Bender Ignacio RA, Perti T, Magaret AS, et al. Oral and Vaginal Tenofovir for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Shedding in Immunocompetent Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Cross-over Trial. J Infect Dis. 2015;212:1949-56.

Benedetti J, Corey L, Ashley R. Recurrence rates in genital herpes after symptomatic first-episode infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:847-54.

Benedetti JK, Zeh J, Corey L. Clinical reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus infection decreases in frequency over time. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:14-20.

Berçot B, Charreau I, Rousseau C, et al. High Prevalence and High Rate of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:e2127-e2133.

Berger A, Kane KY. Clindamycin for vaginosis reduces prematurity and late miscarriage. J Fam Pract. 2003;52:603-4.

Berger BJ, Kolton S, Zenilman JM, Cummings MC, Feldman J, McCormack WM. Bacterial vaginosis in lesbians: a sexually transmitted disease. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:1402-5.

Bergström T, Vahlne A, Alestig K, Jeansson S, Forsgren M, Lycke E. Primary and recurrent herpes simplex virus type 2-induced meningitis. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:322-30.

Bernstein DI, Bellamy AR, Hook EW 3rd, et al. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibody response to primary infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in young women. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56:344-51.

Bernstein KT, Marcus JL, Nieri G, Philip SS, Klausner JD. Rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia reinfection is associated with increased risk of HIV seroconversion. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;53:537-43.

Bernstein KT, Stephens SC, Barry PM, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission from the oropharynx to the urethra among men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1793-7.

Berry JM, Palefsky JM, Jay N, Cheng SC, Darragh TM, Chin-Hong PV. Performance characteristics of anal cytology and human papillomavirus testing in patients with high-resolution anoscopy-guided biopsy of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52:239-47.

Bertolino JG, Rangel JE, Blake RL Jr, Silverstein D, Ingram E. Inflammation on the cervical Papanicolaou smear: the predictive value for infection in asymptomatic women. Fam Med. 1992;24:447-52.

Bevan CD, Johal BJ, Mumtaz G, Ridgway GL, Siddle NC. Clinical, laparoscopic and microbiological findings in acute salpingitis: report on a United Kingdom cohort. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1995;102:407-14.

Bevan CD, Ridgway GL, Rothermel CD. Efficacy and safety of azithromycin as monotherapy or combined with metronidazole compared with two standard multidrug regimens for the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. J Int Med Res. 2003;31:45-54.

Bilardi JE, Walker S, Temple-Smith M, et al. The burden of bacterial vaginosis: women's experience of the physical, emotional, sexual and social impact of living with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. PLoS One. 2013;8:e74378.

Birgisson NE, Zhao Q, Secura GM, Madden T, Peipert JF. Positive Testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis and the Risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in IUD Users. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2015;24:354-9.

Bissessor M, Whiley DM, Fairley CK, et al. Persistence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA following treatment for pharyngeal and rectal gonorrhea is influenced by antibiotic susceptibility and reinfection. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:557-63.

Björnelius E, Jensen JS, Lidbrink P. Conjunctivitis associated with Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Oct 1;39:e67-9.

Bjartling C, Osser S, Persson K. Mycoplasma genitalium in cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease among women at a gynecologic outpatient service. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206:476.e1-8.

Bjartling C, Osser S, Persson K. The association between Mycoplasma genitalium and pelvic inflammatory disease after termination of pregnancy. BJOG. 2010 Feb;117:361-4.

Black CM, Marrazzo J, Johnson RE, et al. Head-to-head multicenter comparison of DNA probe and nucleic acid amplification tests for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women performed with an improved reference standard. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:3757-63.

Blackburn D, Roth NM, Gold JAW, et al. Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Mpox in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults - United States, May-November 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Dec 30;71:1605-1609.

Bleich AT, Sheffield JS, Wendel GD Jr, Sigman A, Cunningham FG. Disseminated gonococcal infection in women. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;119:597-602.

Bochner AF, Baeten JM, Rustagi AS, et al. A cross-sectional analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among heterosexual HIV-1 serodiscordant African couples. Sex Transm Infect. 2017;93:520-9.

Bodsworth NJ, Crooks RJ, Borelli S, et al. Valaciclovir versus aciclovir in patient initiated treatment of recurrent genital herpes: a randomised, double blind clinical trial. International Valaciclovir HSV Study Group. Genitourin Med. 1997;73:110-6.

Boehmer TK, Kompaniyets L, Lavery AM, et al. Association Between COVID-19 and Myocarditis Using Hospital-Based Administrative Data - United States, March 2020-January 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70:1228-32.

Bohm MK, Newman L, Satterwhite CL, Tao G, Weinstock HS. Pelvic inflammatory disease among privately insured women, United States, 2001-2005. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37:131-6.

Bolan GA, Sparling PF, Wasserheit JN. The emerging threat of untreatable gonococcal infection. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:485-7.

Boothby M, Page J, Pryor R, Ross JD. A comparison of treatment outcomes for moxifloxacin versus ofloxacin/metronidazole for first-line treatment of uncomplicated non-gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J STD AIDS. 2010;21:195-7.

Bosch FX, de Sanjosé S. The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Dis Markers. 2007;23:213-27.

Bosserman EA, Helms DJ, Mosure DJ, Secor WE, Workowski KA. Utility of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Trichomonas vaginalis-infected women with clinical treatment failure. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38:983-7.

Bradley H, Markowitz LE, Gibson T, McQuillan GM. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2--United States, 1999-2010. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:325-33.

Bradley MG, Hobson D, Lee N, Tait IA, Rees E. Chlamydial infections of the urethra in women. Genitourin Med. 1985;61:371-5.

Bradshaw CS, Brotman RM. Making inroads into improving treatment of bacterial vaginosis - striving for long-term cure. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:292.

Bradshaw CS, Morton AN, Garland SM, Horvath LB, Kuzevska I, Fairley CK. Evaluation of a point-of-care test, BVBlue, and clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43:1304-8.

Bradshaw CS, Sobel JD. Current Treatment of bacterial vaginosis-limitations and need for innovation. J Infect Dis. 2016;214 Suppl 1:S14-20.

Bradshaw CS, Vodstrcil LA, Hocking JS, et al. Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis is significantly associated with posttreatment sexual activities and hormonal contraceptive use. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56:777-86.

Breman JG, Kalisa-Ruti, Steniowski MV, Zanotto E, Gromyko AI, Arita I. Human monkeypox, 1970-79. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58:165-82.

Brihmer C, Mårdh PA, Kallings I, et al. Efficacy and safety of azithromycin versus lymecyline in the treatment of genital chlamydial infections in women. Scand J Infect Dis. 1996;28:451-4.

Bro-Jorgensen A, Jensen T. Gonococcal pharyngeal infections. Report of 110 cases. Br J Vener Dis. 1973;49:491-9.

Brosius I, Van Dijck C, Coppens J, et al. Presymptomatic viral shedding in high-risk mpox contacts: A prospective cohort study. J Med Virol. 2023;95:e28769.

Brotman RM, Erbelding EJ, Jamshidi RM, Klebanoff MA, Zenilman JM, Ghanem KG. Findings associated with recurrence of bacterial vaginosis among adolescents attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2007;20:225-31.

Brotman RM, Klebanoff MA, Nansel TR, et al. Bacterial vaginosis assessed by gram stain and diminished colonization resistance to incident gonococcal, chlamydial, and trichomonal genital infection. J Infect Dis. 2010;202:1907-15.

Brown HL, Fuller DD, Jasper LT, Davis TE, Wright JD. Clinical evaluation of affirm VPIII in the detection and identification of Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Candida species in vaginitis/vaginosis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2004;12:17-21.

Brown L, Delaney C, Hainsworth A. Monkeypox-associated proctitis and rectal wall perforation. BMJ Case Rep. 2023;16:e252168.

Brown LB, Krysiak R, Kamanga G, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial susceptibility in Lilongwe, Malawi, 2007. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37:169-72.

Brown ST. Adverse reactions in syphilis therapy. J Am Vener Dis Assoc. 1976;3:172-6.

Brown ZA, Benedetti J, Ashley R, et al. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1247-52.

Brown ZA, Selke S, Zeh J, et al. The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:509-15.

Brown ZA, Wald A, Morrow RA, Selke S, Zeh J, Corey L. Effect of serologic status and cesarean delivery on transmission rates of herpes simplex virus from mother to infant. JAMA. 2003;289:203-9.

Brownell AD, Shapiro RA, Hammerschlag MR. Caution Is Required When Using Non-Food and Drug Administration-Cleared Assays to Diagnose Sexually Transmitted Infections in Children. J Pediatr. 2019;206:280-2.

Brunham RC, Binns B, Guijon F, et al. Etiology and outcome of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. J Infect Dis. 1988;158:510-7.

Brunham RC, Binns B, McDowell J, Paraskevas M. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women with ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;67:722-6.

Brunham RC, Gottlieb SL, Paavonen J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:2039-48.

Brunham RC. Immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis. J Infect Dis. 2013;207:1796-7.

Brunham RC. Immunology. A Chlamydia vaccine on the horizon. Science. 2015;348:1322-3.

Brusselaers N, Shrestha S, van de Wijgert J, Verstraelen H. Vaginal dysbiosis and the risk of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019221:9-18.e8.

Buck CB, Day PM, Trus BL. The papillomavirus major capsid protein L1. Virology. 2013;445:169-74.

Buechler CR, Anderson Z, Kullberg SA, et al. Successful Treatment of Recalcitrant Mpox Lesions With Intralesional Cidofovir in a Patient With HIV/AIDS. JAMA Dermatol. 2023 Dec 6. Online ahead of print.

Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Stevens CE, et al. Effects of human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection on microbial origins of pelvic inflammatory disease and on efficacy of ambulatory oral therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:1374-81.

Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, et al. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16:e0010141.

Bunge KE, Beigi RH, Meyn LA, Hillier SL. The efficacy of retreatment with the same medication for early treatment failure of bacterial vaginosis. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36:711-3.

Burchell AN, Coutlée F, Tellier PP, Hanley J, Franco EL. Genital transmission of human papillomavirus in recently formed heterosexual couples. J Infect Dis. 2011;204:1723-9.

Burchell AN, Tellier PP, Hanley J, Coutlée F, Franco EL. Human papillomavirus infections among couples in new sexual relationships. Epidemiology. 2010;21:31-7.

Burnett AM, Anderson CP, Zwank MD. Laboratory-confirmed gonorrhea and/or chlamydia rates in clinically diagnosed pelvic inflammatory disease and cervicitis. Am J Emerg Med. 2012;30:1114-7.

Burstein GR, Snyder MH, Conley D, Boekeloo BO, Quinn TC, Zenilman JM. Adolescent chlamydia testing practices and diagnosed infections in a large managed care organization. Sex Transm Dis. 2001;28:477-83.

Burtin P, Taddio A, Ariburnu O, Einarson TR, Koren G. Safety of metronidazole in pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:525-9.

Bzhalava D, Eklund C, Dillner J. International standardization and classification of human papillomavirus types. Virology. 2015;476:341-4.

Cámara J, Serra J, Ayats J, et al. Molecular characterization of two high-level ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates detected in Catalonia, Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67:1858-60.

Campbell L, Woods V, Lloyd T, Elsayed S, Church DL. Evaluation of the OSOM Trichomonas rapid test versus wet preparation examination for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis in specimens from women with a low prevalence of infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46:3467-9.

Cantor AG, Pappas M, Daeges M, Nelson HD. Screening for Syphilis: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016;315:2328-37.

Carey JC, Klebanoff MA, Hauth JC, et al. Metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:534-40.

Carr S, Espey E. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease among adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2013;52:S22-8.

Carter JE, Whithaus KC. Neonatal respiratory tract involvement by Trichomonas vaginalis: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008;78:17-9.

Cash-Goldwasser S, Labuda SM, McCormick DW, et al. Ocular Monkeypox - United States, July-September 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:1343-7.

Castle PE, Schiffman M, Wheeler CM, Solomon D. Evidence for frequent regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-grade 2. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:18-25.

Caviness AC, Oelze LL, Saz UE, Greer JM, Demmler-Harrison GJ. Direct immunofluorescence assay compared to cell culture for the diagnosis of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in children. J Clin Virol. 2010;49:58-60.

CDC Fact Sheet. Incidence, prevalence, and cost of sexually transmitted infections in the United States. February 2013.

CDC, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Division of STD Prevention. The national plan to eliminate syphilis from the United States. Atlanta (GA): CDC, 1999.

Celum C, Hong T, Cent A, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among HIV-1-infected adults treated with tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate as part of combination antiretroviral therapy: results from the ACTG A5175 PEARLS study. J Infect Dis. 2017;215:907-10.

Celum C, Morrow RA, Donnell D, et al. Daily oral tenofovir and emtricitabine-tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis reduces herpes simplex virus type 2 acquisition among heterosexual HIV-1-uninfected men and women: a subgroup analysis of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:11-9.

Celum C, Wald A, Lingappa JR, et al. Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:427-39.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Revised December 2019.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Cephalosporin susceptibility among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates--United States, 2000-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:873-7.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Discordant results from reverse sequence syphilis screening--five laboratories, United States, 2006-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:133-7.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Expanded Access IND Protocol: Use of Tecovirimat (TPOXX®) for Treatment of Human Non-Variola Orthopoxvirus Infections in Adults and Children IND No. 116,039. CDC IRB No. 6402. Version 6.3 Updated on December 19, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fluoroquinolone-resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hawaii, 1999, and decreased susceptibility to azithromycin in N. gonorrhoeae, Missouri, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49:833-7.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants following pertussis prophylaxis with erythromycin--Knoxville, Tennessee, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:1117-20.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Inadvertent use of Bicillin C-R to treat syphilis infection--Los Angeles, California, 1999-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54:217-9.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. 2022-2023 Mpox Outbreak Global Map. December 27, 2023.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. 2022-2023 U.S. Map & Case Count. January 11, 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Clinical Considerations for Pain Management of Mpox. Updated March 27, 2023.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Clinical Considerations for Treatment and Prophylaxis of Mpox Infection in People Who are Immunocompromised. Updated September 1, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Clinical Guidance: Clinical Recognition. Updated August 30, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Demographics of Patients Receiving Tecovirimat (TPOXX) for Treatment of Mpox. August 7, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Guidance for Tecovirimat Use. Updated June 7, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Infection Prevention and Control of Mpox in Healthcare Settings. Updated October 31, 2022

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. JYNNEOS Vaccine. Updated September 1, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Mpox Cases by Age and Gender and Race and Ethnicity. January 11, 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Mpox in Animals and Pets. Updated August 18, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Past U.S. Cases and Outbreaks. August 29, 2023.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Science Brief: Detection and Transmission of Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) Virus During the 2022 Clade IIb Outbreak. Updated February 2, 2023.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Mpox. Tecovirimat (TPOXX) IND Information. Updated July 6, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among persons aged 14-49 years--United States, 2005-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:456-9.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Symptomatic early neurosyphilis among HIV-positive men who have sex with men--four cities, United States, January 2002-June 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56:625-8.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update to CDC's sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006: fluoroquinolones no longer recommended for treatment of gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007;56:332-6.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:642-6.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: US Public Health Service: Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States—2021 Update: a clinical practice guideline. December 2021:1-108.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2020. Chlamydia. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; April 2022.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2020. Gonorrhea. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; April 2022.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2020. Syphilis. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; April 2022.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 2022. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; April 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cancers Associated with Human Papillomavirus, United States—2013–2017. USCS Data Brief, no 18. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services;2020.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) Profiles, 2022.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health Alert Network (HAN) Health Advisory. Mpox Caused by Human-to-Human Transmission of Monkeypox Virus with Geographic Spread in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. December 7, 2023

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increases in fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men who have sex with men--United States, 2003, and revised recommendations for gonorrhea treatment, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53:335-8.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for the laboratory-based detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae--2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014;63:1-19.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2015. Other sexually transmitted diseases. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2015. STDs in women and infants. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2017. Chlamydia. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; September 2018.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2017. Gonorrhea. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; September 2018.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2017. Syphilis. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; September 2018.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2018. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; October 2019.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2018. Gonorrhea. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; October 2019.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2018. Other STDs: Herpes simplex virus. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; October 2019.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2018. Syphilis. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; October 2019.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update to CDC's Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010: oral cephalosporins no longer a recommended treatment for gonococcal infections. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61:590-4.

Chahine LM, Khoriaty RN, Tomford WJ, Hussain MS. The changing face of neurosyphilis. Int J Stroke. 2011;6:136-43.

Chan PA, Robinette A, Montgomery M, et al. Extragenital infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a review of the literature. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2016;2016:5758387.

Chapel TA. The variability of syphilitic chancres. Sex Transm Dis. 1978;5:68-70.

Chapin K, Andrea S. APTIMA® Trichomonas vaginalis, a transcription-mediated amplification assay for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in urogenital specimens. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2011;11:679-88.

Chappell CA, Wiesenfeld HC. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of severe pelvic inflammatory disease and tuboovarian abscess. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2012;55:893-903.

Charoenwatanachokchai A, Chitwarakorn A, Palanuvej T, Pakdeewong S, Khumhaeng M, Kreaurat M. Azithromycin in non-gonococcal urethritis. J Med Assoc Thai. 1997;80:440-5.

Chaturvedi AK, Madeleine MM, Biggar RJ, Engels EA. Risk of human papillomavirus-associated cancers among persons with AIDS. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:1120-30.

Chayachinda C, Rekhawasin T. Reproductive outcomes of patients being hospitalised with pelvic inflammatory disease. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;:1-5.

Chelimo C, Wouldes TA, Cameron LD, Elwood JM. Risk factors for and prevention of human papillomaviruses (HPV), genital warts and cervical cancer. J Infect. 2013;66:207-17.

Chen MY, McNulty A, Avery A, et al. Solithromycin versus ceftriaxone plus azithromycin for the treatment of uncomplicated genital gonorrhoea (SOLITAIRE-U): a randomised phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Aug;19:833-42.

Chernesky MA, Hook EW 3rd, Martin DH, et al. Women find it easy and prefer to collect their own vaginal swabs to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Sex Transm Dis. 2005;32:729-33.

Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Hillier SL. Cunnilingus and vaginal intercourse are risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 1 acquisition in women. Sex Transm Dis. 2005;32:84-9.

Cherpes TL, Meyn LA, Krohn MA, Lurie JG, Hillier SL. Association between acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women and bacterial vaginosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37:319-25.

Cherpes TL, Wiesenfeld HC, Melan MA, et al. The associations between pelvic inflammatory disease, Trichomonas vaginalis infection, and positive herpes simplex virus type 2 serology. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33:747-52.

Chesson HW, Bernstein KT, Gift TL, Marcus JL, Pipkin S, Kent CK. The cost-effectiveness of screening men who have sex with men for rectal chlamydial and gonococcal infection to prevent HIV Infection. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:366-71.

Chesson HW, Ekwueme DU, Saraiya M, Watson M, Lowy DR, Markowitz LE. Estimates of the annual direct medical costs of the prevention and treatment of disease associated with human papillomavirus in the United States. Vaccine. 2012;30:6016-9.

Chesson HW, Kent CK, Owusu-Edusei K Jr, Leichliter JS, Aral SO. Disparities in sexually transmitted disease rates across the "eight Americas". Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:458-64.

Chesson HW, Song R, Bingham A, Farnham PG. The Estimated Number and Lifetime Medical Cost of HIV Infections Attributable to Sexually Transmitted Infections Acquired in the United States in 2018: A Compilation of Published Modeling Results. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:292-298.

Chesson HW, Spicknall IH, Bingham A, et al. The Estimated Direct Lifetime Medical Costs of Sexually Transmitted Infections Acquired in the United States in 2018. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:215-21.

Chisholm SA, Mouton JW, Lewis DA, Nichols T, Ison CA, Livermore DM. Cephalosporin MIC creep among gonococci: time for a pharmacodynamic rethink? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:2141-8.

Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381:2083-90.

Chosidow O, Drouault Y, Leconte-Veyriac F, et al. Famciclovir vs. aciclovir in immunocompetent patients with recurrent genital herpes infections: a parallel-groups, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2001;144:818-24.

Chow EP, Machalek DA, Tabrizi SN, et al. Quadrivalent vaccine-targeted human papillomavirus genotypes in heterosexual men after the Australian female human papillomavirus vaccination programme: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:68-77.

Chow EPF, Chen MY, Williamson DA, et al. Oropharyngeal and genital gonorrhea infections among women and heterosexual men reporting sexual contact with partners With gonorrhea: implication for oropharyngeal testing of heterosexual gonorrhea contacts. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46:743-7.

Chow EPF, Lee D, Bond S, et al. Nonclassical Pathogens as Causative Agents of Proctitis in Men who Have Sex With Men. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021;8:ofab137.

Choy AM, Lyudmer M, Su S, Remotti HE, Zucker JE, Jodorkovsky D. Human Mpox Virus Proctitis With Persistent Rectal Ulcers on Sigmoidoscopy. ACG Case Rep J. 2023;10:e01002.

Chrisment D, Machelart I, Wirth G, et al. Reactive arthritis associated with Mycoplasma genitalium urethritis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;77:278-9.

Cina M, Baumann L, Egli-Gany D, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium incidence, persistence, concordance between partners and progression: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect. 2019 Aug;95:328-335.

Clarke EJ, Vodstrcil LA, Plummer EL, et al. Efficacy of Minocycline for the Treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10:ofad427.

Clausen HF, Fedder J, Drasbek M, et al. Serological investigation of Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:1866-74.

Clement ME, Okeke NL, Hicks CB. Treatment of syphilis: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312:1905-17.

Cliffe AR, Wilson AC. Restarting Lytic Gene Transcription at the Onset of Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation. J Virol. 2017;91(2). pii: e01419

Cohen CR, Lingappa JR, Baeten JM, et al. Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort analysis among African couples. PLoS Med. 2012;9:e1001251.

Cohen CR, Mugo NR, Astete SG, et al. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in women with laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis. Sex Transm Infect. 2005;81:463-6.

Cohen CR, Nosek M, Meier A, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and persistence in a cohort of female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya. Sex Transm Dis. 2007 May;34:274-9.

Cohen CR, Wierzbicki MR, French AL, et al. Randomized trial of Lactin-V to prevent recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1906-15.

Cohen MS, Cannon JG. Human experimentation with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: progress and goals. J Infect Dis. 1999;179 Suppl 2:S375-9.

Cohen MS, Hoffman IF, Royce RA, et al. Reduction of concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. AIDSCAP Malawi Research Group. Lancet. 1997;349:1868-73.

Cohlan SQ. Tetracycline staining of teeth. Teratology. 1977;15:127-9.

Coleman JS, Gaydos CA. Molecular diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis: an update. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56:e00342-18.

Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology.. Practice Bulletin No. 168: Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:e111-30.

Conant MA, Schacker TW, Murphy RL, Gold J, Crutchfield LT, Crooks RJ. Valaciclovir versus aciclovir for herpes simplex virus infection in HIV-infected individuals: two randomized trials. Int J STD AIDS. 2002;13:12-21.

Connolly KL, Eakin AE, Gomez C, Osborn BL, Unemo M, Jerse AE. Pharmacokinetic Data Are Predictive of In Vivo Efficacy for Cefixime and Ceftriaxone against Susceptible and Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains in the Gonorrhea Mouse Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(3):e01644-18.

Cook JA. Eliminating blinding trachoma. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1777-9.

Cook RL, Hutchison SL, Østergaard L, Braithwaite RS, Ness RB. Systematic review: noninvasive testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:914-25.

Corey L, Adams HG, Brown ZA, Holmes KK. Genital herpes simplex virus infections: clinical manifestations, course, and complications. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:958-72.

Corey L, Benedetti J, Critchlow C, et al. Treatment of primary first-episode genital herpes simplex virus infections with acyclovir: results of topical, intravenous and oral therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1983;12 Suppl B:79-88.

Corey L, Nahmias AJ, Guinan ME, Benedetti JK, Critchlow CW, Holmes KK. A trial of topical acyclovir in genital herpes simplex virus infections. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:1313-9.

Corey L, Wald A, Patel R, et al. Once-daily valacyclovir to reduce the risk of transmission of genital herpes. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:11-20.

Corey L, Wald A. Maternal and neonatal herpes simplex virus infections. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1376-85.

Corey L. Herpes simplex virus type 2 and HIV-1: the dialogue between the 2 organisms continues. J Infect Dis. 2007;195:1242-4.

Cornelisse VJ, Bradshaw CS, Chow EPF, Williamson DA, Fairley CK. Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea in Absence of Urogenital Gonorrhea in Sexual Network of Male and Female Participants, Australia, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25:1373-6.

Cosentino LA, Campbell T, Jett A, et al. Use of nucleic acid amplification testing for diagnosis of anorectal sexually transmitted infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:2005-8.

Cossé MM, Hayward RD, Subtil A. One Face of Chlamydia trachomatis: The Infectious Elementary Body. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2018;412:35-58.

Cotch MF, Pastorek JG 2nd, Nugent RP, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. Sex Transm Dis. 1997;24:353-60.

Cousins DE, Taylor M, Lee V. The outcome of treatment of early syphilis with different benzathine penicillin regimens in HIV-infected and -uninfected patients. Int J STD AIDS. 2012;23:632-4.

Cremin BJ, Fisher RM. The lesions of congenital syphilis. Br J Radiol. 1970;43:333-41.

Crew PE, Abara WE, McCulley L, et al. Disseminated Gonococcal Infections in Patients Receiving Eculizumab: A Case Series. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69:596-600.

Criss AK, Seifert HS. A bacterial siren song: intimate interactions between Neisseria and neutrophils. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10:178-90.

Crissey JT, Denenholz DA. Syphilis. Clin Dermatol. 1984;2:1-166.

Cu-Uvin S, Ko H, Jamieson DJ, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and persistence or recurrence of trichomoniasis among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women and among HIV-negative women at high risk for HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;15;34:1406-11.

Cunningham AL, Diefenbach RJ, Miranda-Saksena M, et al. The cycle of human herpes simplex virus infection: virus transport and immune control. J Infect Dis. 2006;194 Suppl 1:S11-8.

Curran KG, Eberly K, Russell OO, et al. HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Persons with Monkeypox - Eight U.S. Jurisdictions, May 17-July 22, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:1141-7.

Curry A, Williams T, Penny ML. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention. Am Fam Physician. 2019;100:357-64.

Curtis KM, Tepper NK, Jatlaoui TC, et al. U.S. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65:1-103.

Cyrklaff M, Linaroudis A, Boicu M, et al. Whole cell cryo-electron tomography reveals distinct disassembly intermediates of vaccinia virus. PLoS One. 2007;2:e420.

Cyrklaff M, Risco C, Fernández JJ, et al. Cryo-electron tomography of vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:2772-7.

Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M. Teratogenic study of doxycycline. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89:524-8.

D'Ambrogio A, Yerly S, Sahli R, et al. Human papilloma virus type and recurrence rate after surgical clearance of anal condylomata acuminata. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36:536-40.

Dalton AF, Diallo AO, Chard AN, et al. Estimated Effectiveness of JYNNEOS Vaccine in Preventing Mpox: A Multijurisdictional Case-Control Study - United States, August 19, 2022-March 31, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72:553-8.

Darragh TM, Colgan TJ, Cox JT, et al. The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization Project for HPV-Associated Lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136:1266-97.

Darragh TM, Colgan TJ, Thomas Cox J, et al. The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Standardization project for HPV-associated lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2013;32:76-115.

Darville T, Hiltke TJ. Pathogenesis of genital tract disease due to Chlamydia trachomatis. J Infect Dis. 2010;201 Suppl 2:S114-25.

Datta SD, Torrone E, Kruszon-Moran D, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis trends in the United States among persons 14 to 39 years of age, 1999-2008. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:92-6.

Davis A, Gaynor A. A comparison of US clinical laboratory Chlamydia and Gonorrhea testing practices before and after the 2014 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Testing Recommendations. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:e73-e76.

de Sanjosé S, Brotons M, Pavón MA. The natural history of human papillomavirus infection. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;47:2-13.

de Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, Bernard HU, zur Hausen H. Classification of papillomaviruses. Virology. 2004;324:17-27.

de Villiers EM. Cross-roads in the classification of papillomaviruses. Virology. 2013;445:2-10.

Deguchi T, Yasuda M, Hatazaki K, et al. New Clinical Strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with Decreased Susceptibility to Ceftriaxone, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:142-4.

DeJesus E, Wald A, Warren T, et al. Valacyclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. J Infect Dis. 2003;188:1009-16.

Delaney KP, Sanchez T, Hannah M, et al. Strategies Adopted by Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men to Prevent Monkeypox virus Transmission - United States, August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:1126-30.

DeLaurentis CE, Kiser J, Zucker J. New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Tecovirimat for Treatment of Human Monkeypox Virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66:e0122622.

Denning DW, Kneale M, Sobel JD, Rautemaa-Richardson R. Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:e339-e47.

Deputy NP, Deckert J, Chard AN, et al. Vaccine Effectiveness of JYNNEOS against Mpox Disease in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2023;388:2434-23.

Derkay CS, Bluher AE. Update on Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2019;52:669-79.

Deval J. Antimicrobial strategies: inhibition of viral polymerases by 3'-hydroxyl nucleosides. Drugs. 2009;69:151-66.

Di Lucca-Christment J, Jacobelli S, Gressier L, et al. Anogenital pseudotumoral herpes and HIV infection: a new challenge for diagnosis and treatment. AIDS. 2012;26:523-6.

Diaz-Mitoma F, Sibbald RG, Shafran SD, Boon R, Saltzman RL. Oral famciclovir for the suppression of recurrent genital herpes: a randomized controlled trial. Collaborative Famciclovir Genital Herpes Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:887-92.

Dize L, Agreda P, Quinn N, Barnes MR, Hsieh YH, Gaydos CA. Comparison of self-obtained penile-meatal swabs to urine for the detection of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae and T. vaginalis. Sex Transm Infect. 2013;89:305-7.

Dombrowski JC, Wierzbicki MR, Newman LM, et al. Doxycycline versus azithromycin for the treatment of rectal chlamydia in men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:824-31.

Doorbar J, Quint W, Banks L, et al. The biology and life-cycle of human papillomaviruses. Vaccine. 2012;30 Suppl 5:F55-70.

Doorbar J. Molecular biology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Clin Sci (Lond). 2006;110:525-41.

Douglas JM, Critchlow C, Benedetti J, et al. A double-blind study of oral acyclovir for suppression of recurrences of genital herpes simplex virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1551-6.

Drolet M, Bénard É, Boily MC, et al. Population-level impact and herd effects following human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:565-80.

Drolet M, Bénard É, Pérez N, Brisson M. Population-level impact and herd effects following the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019;394:497-509.

Dropulic LK, Cohen JI. The challenge of developing a herpes simplex virus 2 vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2012;11:1429-40.

Drummond F, Ryder N, Wand H, et al. Is azithromycin adequate treatment for asymptomatic rectal chlamydia? Int J STD AIDS. 2011;22:478-80.

Dubbink JH, de Waaij DJ, Bos M, et al. Microbiological Characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections in South African Women. J Clin Microbiol. 2016 Jan;54:200-3.

Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SF, et al. Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:548-56.

Duffy J, Marquez P, Moro P, et al. Safety Monitoring of JYNNEOS Vaccine During the 2022 Mpox Outbreak - United States, May 22-October 21, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:1555-9.

Dukers-Muijrers NH, Schachter J, van Liere GA, Wolffs PF, Hoebe CJ. What is needed to guide testing for anorectal and pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women and men? Evidence and opinion. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:533.

Dukers-Muijrers NHTM, Wolffs PFG, De Vries H, et al. Treatment effectiveness of azithromycin and doxycycline in uncomplicated rectal and vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women: a multicenter observational study (FemCure). Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69:1946-54.

Dumont M, Guilhou T, Gerin M, et al. Myocarditis in monkeypox-infected patients: a case series. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023;29:390.e5-390.e7.

Dunne EF, Naleway A, Smith N, et al. Reduction in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Type Prevalence Among Young Women Screened for Cervical Cancer in an Integrated US Healthcare Delivery System in 2007 and 2012-2013. J Infect Dis. 2015;212:1970-5.

Dunne EF, Unger ER, Sternberg M, et al. Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States. JAMA. 2007;297:813-9.

Duraffour S, Lorenzo MM, Zöller G, et al. ST-246 is a key antiviral to inhibit the viral F13L phospholipase, one of the essential proteins for orthopoxvirus wrapping. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:1367-80.

Durukan D, Read TRH, Murray G, et al. Resistance-Guided Antimicrobial Therapy Using Doxycycline-Moxifloxacin and Doxycycline-2.5 g Azithromycin for the Treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection: Efficacy and Tolerability. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:1461-8.

Eberly MD, Eide MB, Thompson JL, Nylund CM. Azithromycin in early infancy and pyloric stenosis. Pediatrics. 2015;135:483-8.

Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92:757-65.

Edmondson DG, Hu B, Norris SJ. Long-Term In Vitro Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. mBio. 2018;9:e01153-18.

Edmondson DG, Norris SJ. In Vitro Cultivation of the Syphilis Spirochete Treponema pallidum. Curr Protoc. 2021;1:e44.

Efstathiou S, Field HJ, Griffiths PD, et al. Herpes simplex virus latency and nucleoside analogues. Antiviral Res. 1999;41:85-100.

Egan ME, Lipsky MS. Diagnosis of vaginitis. Am Fam Physician. 2000;62:1095-104.

Eickhoff JH, Frimodt-Møller N, Walter S, Frimodt-Møller C. A double-blind, randomized, controlled multicentre study to compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin with pivampicillin as oral therapy for epididymitis in men over 40 years of age. BJU Int. 1999;84:827-34.

Eing BR, Lippelt L, Lorentzen EU, et al. Evaluation of confirmatory strategies for detection of type-specific antibodies against herpes simplex virus type 2. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:407-13.

el-Zaatari MM, Martens MG, Anderson GD. Incidence of the prozone phenomenon in syphilis serology. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;84:609-12.

Elgalib A, Alexander S, Tong CY, White JA. Seven days of doxycycline is an effective treatment for asymptomatic rectal Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Int J STD AIDS. 2011;22:474-7.

Elion GB, Furman PA, Fyfe JA, de Miranda P, Beauchamp L, Schaeffer HJ. The selectivity of action of an antiherpetic agent, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine. Reproduced from Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5716-5720 (1977) Rev Med Virol. 1999;9:147-52.

Elwell C, Mirrashidi K, Engel J. Chlamydia cell biology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14:385-400.

Engelberg R, Carrell D, Krantz E, Corey L, Wald A. Natural history of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30:174-7.

Erickson SH, Oppenheim GL, Smith GH. Metronidazole in breast milk. Obstet Gynecol. 1981;57:48-50.

Eschenbach DA, Buchanan TM, Pollock HM, et al. Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:166-71.

Eschenbach DA, Hillier S, Critchlow C, Stevens C, DeRouen T, Holmes KK. Diagnosis and clinical manifestations of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;158:819-28.

Eschenbach DA, Wölner-Hanssen P, Hawes SE, Pavletic A, Paavonen J, Holmes KK. Acute pelvic inflammatory disease: associations of clinical and laboratory findings with laparoscopic findings. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89:184-92.

Eschenbach DA. Acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Urol Clin North Am. 1984;11:65-81.

Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine: Emergency Use Authorization of Jynneos (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Non-Replicating) for Prevention of Monkeypox Disease in Individuals Determined to be at High Risk for Monkeypox Infection

Faix DJ, Gordon DM, Perry LN, et al. Prospective safety surveillance study of ACAM2000 smallpox vaccine in deploying military personnel. Vaccine. 2020;38:7323-30.

Falk L. The overall agreement of proposed definitions of mucopurulent cervicitis in women at high risk of Chlamydia infection. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010;90:506-11.

Fanfair RN, Zaidi A, Taylor LD, Xu F, Gottlieb S, Markowitz L. Trends in seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites aged 14 to 49 years--United States, 1988 to 2010. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:860-4.

Farrar JL, Lewis NM, Houck K, et al. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Mpox in Persons Who Had Previously Received 1 Dose of JYNNEOS Vaccine and in Unvaccinated Persons - 29 U.S. Jurisdictions, May 22-September 3, 2022. Am J Transplant. 2023;23:298-303.

Feltner C, Grodensky C, Ebel C, et al. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: An Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016;316:2531-43.

Fethers KA, Fairley CK, Morton A, et al. Early sexual experiences and risk factors for bacterial vaginosis. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:1662-70.

Fife KH, Almekinder J, Ofner S. A comparison of one year of episodic or suppressive treatment of recurrent genital herpes with valacyclovir. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34:297-301.

Fife KH, Barbarash RA, Rudolph T, Degregorio B, Roth R. Valaciclovir versus acyclovir in the treatment of first-episode genital herpes infection. Results of an international, multicenter, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The Valaciclovir International Herpes Simplex Virus Study Group. Sex Transm Dis. 1997;24:481-6.

Fife KH, Crumpacker CS, Mertz GJ, Hill EL, Boone GS. Recurrence and resistance patterns of herpes simplex virus following cessation of > or = 6 years of chronic suppression with acyclovir. Acyclovir Study Group. J Infect Dis. 1994;169:1338-41.

Fife KH, Mugwanya K, Thomas KK, et al. Transient Increase in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2)-Associated Genital Ulcers Following Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV/HSV-2-Coinfected Individuals. J Infect Dis. 2016;213:1573-8.

Fife KH, Warren TJ, Ferrera RD, et al. Effect of valacyclovir on viral shedding in immunocompetent patients with recurrent herpes simplex virus 2 genital herpes: a US-based randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81:1321-7.

Filley CM, Graff-Richard NR, Lacy JR, Heitner MA, Earnest MP. Neurologic manifestations of podophyllin toxicity. Neurology. 1982;32:308-11.

Fiumara NJ, Lessell S. Manifestations of late congenital syphilis. An analysis of 271 patients. Arch Dermatol. 1970;102:78-83.

Fjeld H, Raknes G. [Is combining metronidazole and alcohol really hazardous?]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2014;134:1661-3.

Flagg EW, Meites E, Phillips C, Papp J, Torrone EA. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among civilian, noninstitutionalized male and female population aged 14 to 59 years: United States, 2013 to 2016. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46:e93-e96.

Flagg EW, Schwartz R, Weinstock H. Prevalence of anogenital warts among participants in private health plans in the United States, 2003-2010: potential impact of human papillomavirus vaccination. Am J Public Health. 2013;103:1428-35.

Flagg EW, Torrone EA. Declines in Anogenital Warts Among Age Groups Most Likely to Be Impacted by Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, United States, 2006-2014. Am J Public Health. 2018;108:112-9.

Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70:321-46.

Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, et al. Human monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46:569-76.

Fouts AC, Kraus SJ. Trichomonas vaginalis: reevaluation of its clinical presentation and laboratory diagnosis. J Infect Dis. 1980;141:137-143.

Francis SC, Kent CK, Klausner JD, et al. Prevalence of rectal Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium in male patients at the San Francisco STD clinic, 2005-2006. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35:797-800.

Franzen-Röhl E, Schepis D, Atterfelt F, et al. Herpes simplex virus specific T cell response in a cohort with primary genital infection correlates inversely with frequency of subsequent recurrences. Sex Transm Infect. 2017;93:169-174.

Fraser CM, Norris SJ, Weinstock GM, et al. Complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. Science. 1998;281:375-88.

Fredricks DN, Fiedler TL, Marrazzo JM. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1899-911.

Freeman AH, Katz KA, Pandori MW, et al. Prevalence and correlates of Trichomonas vaginalis among incarcerated persons assessed using a highly sensitive molecular assay. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37:165-8.

French P. Syphilis. BMJ. 2007;334:143-7.

Frenzer C, Egli-Gany D, Vallely LM, Vallely AJ, Low N. Adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes associated with Mycoplasma genitalium: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect. 2022;98:222-7.

Frey SE, Wald A, Edupuganti S, et al. Comparison of lyophilized versus liquid modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) formulations and subcutaneous versus intradermal routes of administration in healthy vaccinia-naïve subjects. Vaccine. 2015;33:5225-34.

Fung M, Scott KC, Kent CK, Klausner JD. Chlamydial and gonococcal reinfection among men: a systematic review of data to evaluate the need for retesting. Sex Transm Infect. 2007;83:304-9.

Gérard HC, Carter JD, Hudson AP. Chlamydia trachomatis is present and metabolically active during the remitting phase in synovial tissues from patients with chronic Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis. Am J Med Sci. 2013;346:22-5.

Gadde J, Spence M, Wheeler B, Adkinson NF Jr. Clinical experience with penicillin skin testing in a large inner-city STD clinic. JAMA. 1993;270:2456-63.

Gaitán H, Angel E, Diaz R, Parada A, Sanchez L, Vargas C. Accuracy of five different diagnostic techniques in mild-to-moderate pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2002;10:171-80.

Garland SM, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, et al. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1928-43.

Garland SM, Malatt A, Tabrizi S, et al. Chlamydia trachomatis conjunctivitis. Prevalence and association with genital tract infection. Med J Aust. 1995;162:363-6.

Garland SM, Steben M, Sings HL, et al. Natural history of genital warts: analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine. J Infect Dis. 2009;199:805-14.

Garrigues JM, Hemarajata P, Espinosa A, et al. Community spread of a human monkeypox virus variant with a tecovirimat resistance-associated mutation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023;67:e0097223.

Garrigues JM, Hemarajata P, Karan A, et al. Identification of Tecovirimat Resistance-Associated Mutations in Human Monkeypox Virus - Los Angeles County. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2023;67:e0056823.

Gaydos C, Maldeis NE, Hardick A, Hardick J, Quinn TC. Mycoplasma genitalium as a contributor to the multiple etiologies of cervicitis in women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. Sex Transm Dis. 2009 Oct;36:598-606.

Gaydos CA, Beqaj S, Schwebke JR, et al. Clinical validation of a test for the diagnosis of vaginitis. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130:181-9.

Gaydos CA, Hobbs M, Marrazzo J, et al. Rapid diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis by testing vaginal swabs in an isothermal helicase-dependent AmpliVue assay. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43:369-73.

Gaydos CA, Manabe YC, Melendez JH. A Narrative Review of Where We Are With Point-of-Care Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:S71-S77.

Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Willis D, et al. Performance of the APTIMA Combo 2 assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in female urine and endocervical swab specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:304-9.

Gaydos CA, Schwebke J, Dombrowski J, et al. Clinical performance of the Solana® Point-of-Care Trichomonas Assay from clinician-collected vaginal swabs and urine specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2017;17:303-6.

Geisler WM, Black CM, Bandea CI, Morrison SG. Chlamydia trachomatis OmpA genotyping as a tool for studying the natural history of genital chlamydial infection. Sex Transm Infect. 2008;84:541-4.

Geisler WM, Koltun WD, Abdelsayed N, et al. Safety and efficacy of WC2031 versus vibramycin for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, multicenter trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:82-8.

Geisler WM, Suchland RJ, Whittington WL, Stamm WE. The relationship of serovar to clinical manifestations of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30:160-5.

Geisler WM, Uniyal A, Lee JY, et al. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2512-21.

Geisler WM. Diagnosis and Management of Uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Adolescents and Adults: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61 Suppl 8:S774-84.

Geisler WM. Duration of untreated, uncomplicated Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection and factors associated with chlamydia resolution: a review of human studies. J Infect Dis. 2010;201 Suppl 2:S104-13.

Geisler WM. The prozone phenomenon in syphilis testing. South Med J. 2004;97:327-8.

Genç M, Mårdh A. A cost-effectiveness analysis of screening and treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:1-7.

Gernert KM, Seby S, Schmerer MW, et al. Azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the USA in 2017: a genomic analysis of surveillance data. Lancet Microbe. 2020;1:e154-e164.

Ghanem KG, Erbelding EJ, Cheng WW, Rompalo AM. Doxycycline compared with benzathine penicillin for the treatment of early syphilis. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:e45-9.

Ghanem KG, Hook EW 3rd. The terms "serofast" and "serological nonresponse" in the modern syphilis era. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:451-2.

Ghanem KG, Moore RD, Rompalo AM, Erbelding EJ, Zenilman JM, Gebo KA. Neurosyphilis in a clinical cohort of HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS. 2008;22:1145-51.

Ghanem KG, Ram S, Rice PA. The Modern Epidemic of Syphilis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:845-54.

Ghanem KG. Management of Adult Syphilis: Key Questions to Inform the 2015 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61 Suppl 8:S818-36.

Gigante CM, Korber B, Seabolt MH, et al. Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021-2022. Science. 2022;378:560-5.

Gillis JC, Wiseman LR. Secnidazole. A review of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in the management of protozoal infections and bacterial vaginosis. Drugs. 1996;51:621-38.

Gillison ML, Broutian T, Pickard RK, et al. Prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States, 2009-2010. JAMA. 2012;307:693-703.

Gilson R, Nugent D, Werner RN, Ballesteros J, Ross J. 2019 IUSTI-Europe guideline for the management of anogenital warts. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:1644-53.

Ginocchio CC, Chapin K, Smith JS, et al. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis nucleic acid amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50:2601-8.

Gitman MR, Ferguson D, Landry ML. Comparison of Simplexa HSV 1 & 2 PCR with culture, immunofluorescence, and laboratory-developed TaqMan PCR for detection of herpes simplex virus in swab specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51:3765-9.

Giuliano AR, Isaacs-Soriano K, Torres BN, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of Gardasil among mid-adult aged men (27-45 years)--The MAM Study. Vaccine. 2015;33:5640-6.

Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, et al. Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV Infection and disease in males. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:401-11.

Gnann JW Jr, Whitley RJ. CLINICAL PRACTICE. Genital Herpes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:666-74.

Golden MR, Marra CM, Holmes KK. Update on syphilis: resurgence of an old problem. JAMA. 2003;290:1510-4.

Golden MR, Whittington WL, Handsfield HH, et al. Effect of expedited treatment of sex partners on recurrent or persistent gonorrhea or chlamydial infection. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:676-85.

Gonçalves B, Ferreira C, Alves CT, Henriques M, Azeredo J, Silva S. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2016;42:905-27.

Goodell SE, Quinn TC, Mkrtichian E, Schuffler MD, Holmes KK, Corey L. Herpes simplex virus proctitis in homosexual men. Clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histopathological features. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:868-71.

Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2587-99.

Gratrix J, Singh AE, Bergman J, et al. Evidence for increased Chlamydia case finding after the introduction of rectal screening among women attending 2 Canadian sexually transmitted infection clinics. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:398-404.

Gravitt PE, Winer RL. Natural History of HPV Infection across the Lifespan: Role of Viral Latency. Viruses. 2017;9:267.

Greenberg RN, Overton ET, Haas DW, et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and surrogate markers of clinical efficacy for modified vaccinia Ankara as a smallpox vaccine in HIV-infected subjects. J Infect Dis. 2013;207:749-58.

Greseth MD, Traktman P. The Life Cycle of the Vaccinia Virus Genome. Annu Rev Virol. 2022;9:239-59.

Grimes DA. Intrauterine device and upper-genital-tract infection. Lancet. 2000;356:1013-9.

Grosenbach DW, Honeychurch K, Rose EA, et al. Oral Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:44-53.

Groves MJ. Genital Herpes: A Review. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93:928-34.

Gudur A, Shanmuganandamurthy D, Szep Z, Poggio JL. An Update on the Current Role of High Resolution Anoscopy in Patients With Anal Dysplasia. Anticancer Res. 2019;39:17-23.

Gupta R, Wald A, Krantz E, et al. Valacyclovir and acyclovir for suppression of shedding of herpes simplex virus in the genital tract. J Infect Dis. 2004;190:1374-81.

Gupta RS, Sawnani S, Adeolu M, Alnajar S, Oren A. Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2018;111:1583-1630.

Guzzetta G, Mammone A, Ferraro F, et al. Early Estimates of Monkeypox Incubation Period, Generation Time, and Reproduction Number, Italy, May-June 2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28:2078-81.

Högdahl M, Kihlström E. Leucocyte esterase testing of first-voided urine and urethral and cervical smears to identify Mycoplasma genitalium-infected men and women. Int J STD AIDS. 2007 Dec;18:835-8.

Haderxhanaj LT, Leichliter JS, Aral SO, Chesson HW. Sex in a lifetime: Sexual behaviors in the United States by lifetime number of sex partners, 2006-2010. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41:345-52.

Hadgu A, Dendukuri N, Hilden J. Evaluation of nucleic acid amplification tests in the absence of a perfect gold-standard test: a review of the statistical and epidemiologic issues. Epidemiology. 2005;16:604-12.

Haefner HK. Current evaluation and management of vulvovaginitis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1999;42:184-95.

Hafner LM. Pathogenesis of fallopian tube damage caused by Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Contraception. 2015;92:108-15.

Haggerty CL, Gottlieb SL, Taylor BD, Low N, Xu F, Ness RB. Risk of sequelae after Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in women. J Infect Dis. 2010;201 Suppl 2:S134-55.

Haggerty CL, Ness RB. Newest approaches to treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease: a review of recent randomized clinical trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:953-60.

Haggerty CL, Taylor BD. Mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2011;2011:959816.

Haggerty CL, Totten PA, Astete SG, Ness RB. Mycoplasma genitalium among women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2006;2006:30184.

Haimovici R, Roussel TJ. Treatment of gonococcal conjunctivitis with single-dose intramuscular ceftriaxone. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;107:511-4.

Hainer BL, Gibson MV. Vaginitis. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83:807-15.

Hall MT, Simms KT, Lew JB, et al. The projected timeframe until cervical cancer elimination in Australia: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4:e19-e27.

Hamasuna R, Jensen JS, Osada Y. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma genitalium strains examined by broth dilution and quantitative PCR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:4938-9.

Handsfield HH, Lipman TO, Harnisch JP, Tronca E, Holmes KK. Asymptomatic gonorrhea in men. Diagnosis, natural course, prevalence and significance. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:117-23.

Handsfield HH. Lymphogranuloma venereum treatment and terminology. Sex Transm Dis. 2018;45:409-411.

Hariri S, Bennett NM, Niccolai LM, et al. Reduction in HPV 16/18-associated high grade cervical lesions following HPV vaccine introduction in the United States - 2008-2012. Vaccine. 2015;33:1608-13.

Hariri S, Johnson ML, Bennett NM, et al. Population-based trends in high-grade cervical lesions in the early human papillomavirus vaccine era in the United States. Cancer. 2015;121:2775-81.

Harrison WO, Hooper RR, Wiesner PJ, et al. A trial of minocycline given after exposure to prevent gonorrhea. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1074-8.

Hathorn E, Opie C, Goold P. What is the appropriate treatment for the management of rectal Chlamydia trachomatis in men and women? Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88:352-4.

Hay PE, Kerry SR, Normansell R, et al. Which sexually active young female students are most at risk of pelvic inflammatory disease? A prospective study. Sex Transm Infect. 2016;92:63-6.

Hazra A, Zucker J, Bell E, et al. Mpox in people with past infection or a complete vaccination course: a global case series. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Sep 4:S1473-3099(23)00492-9.

Heinonen PK, Leinonen M. Fecundity and morbidity following acute pelvic inflammatory disease treated with doxycycline and metronidazole. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2003;268:284-8.

Heller DS, Pitsos M, Skurnick J. Does the presence of vaginitis on a Pap smear correlate with clinical symptoms in the patient? J Reprod Med. 2008;53:429-34.

Helms DJ, Mosure DJ, Metcalf CA, et al. Risk factors for prevalent and incident Trichomonas vaginalis among women attending three sexually transmitted disease clinics. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35:484-8.

Helms DJ, Mosure DJ, Secor WE, Workowski KA. Management of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with suspected metronidazole hypersensitivity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:370.e1-7.

Hemmerling A, Harrison W, Schroeder A, et al. Phase 2a study assessing colonization efficiency, safety, and acceptability of Lactobacillus crispatus CTV-05 in women with bacterial vaginosis. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37:745-50.

Hemsell DL, Little BB, Faro S, et al. Comparison of three regimens recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the treatment of women hospitalized with acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19:720-7.

Hernandez BY, McDuffie K, Zhu X, et al. Anal human papillomavirus infection in women and its relationship with cervical infection. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:2550-6.

Heystek M, Ross JD. A randomized double-blind comparison of moxifloxacin and doxycycline/metronidazole/ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease. Int J STD AIDS. 2009;20:690-5.

Hicks CW, Wick EC, Leeds IL, et al. Patient Symptomatology in Anal Dysplasia. JAMA Surg. 2015;150:563-9.

Hill SA, Masters TL, Wachter J. Gonorrhea - an evolving disease of the new millennium. Microb Cell. 2016;3:371-89.

Hillier SL, Bernstein KT, Aral S. A Review of the Challenges and Complexities in the Diagnosis, Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. J Infect Dis. 2021;224:S23-S28.

Hillier SL, Nugent RP, Eschenbach DA, et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1737-42.

Hillier SL, Nyirjesy P, Waldbaum AS, et al. Secnidazole treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130:379-86.

Hillis SD, Joesoef R, Marchbanks PA, Wasserheit JN, Cates W Jr, Westrom L. Delayed care of pelvic inflammatory disease as a risk factor for impaired fertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:1503-9.

Hillis SD, Wasserheit JN. Screening for chlamydia--a key to the prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1399-401.

Hillman RJ, Berry-Lawhorn JM, Ong JJ, et al. International Anal Neoplasia Society Guidelines for the Practice of Digital Anal Rectal Examination. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2019;23:138-46.

Hillman RJ, Cuming T, Darragh T, et al. 2016 IANS International Guidelines for Practice Standards in the Detection of Anal Cancer Precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2016;20:283-91.

Ho EL, Lukehart SA. Syphilis: using modern approaches to understand an old disease. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:4584-92.

Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, Chang CJ, Burk RD. Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:423-8.

Hobbs MM, Seña AC. Modern diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Sex Transm Infect. 2013;89:434-8.

Hoentjen F, Rubin DT. Infectious proctitis: when to suspect it is not inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57:269-73.

Hollier LM, Hill J, Sheffield JS, Wendel GD Jr. State laws regarding prenatal syphilis screening in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:1178-83.

Hollman D, Coupey SM, Fox AS, Herold BC. Screening for Trichomonas vaginalis in high-risk adolescent females with a new transcription-mediated nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT): associations with ethnicity, symptoms, and prior and current STIs. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2010;23:312-6.

Honein MA, Paulozzi LJ, Himelright IM, et al. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis after pertussis prophylaxis with erythromcyin: a case review and cohort study. Lancet. 1999;354:2101-5.

Hook EW 3rd, Golden M, Jamieson BD, et al. A Phase 2 Trial of Oral Solithromycin 1200 mg or 1000 mg as Single-Dose Oral Therapy for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:1043-8.

Hook EW 3rd, Golden MR, Taylor SN, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Oral Delafloxacin Compared With Intramuscular Ceftriaxone for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea Treatment: An Open-Label, Noninferiority, Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized Study. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46:279-86.

Hook EW 3rd, Marra CM. Acquired syphilis in adults. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1060-9.

Hook EW 3rd, Roddy RE, Handsfield HH. Ceftriaxone therapy for incubating and early syphilis. J Infect Dis. 1988;158:881-4.

Hook EW 3rd, Spitters C, Reichart CA, Neumann TM, Quinn TC. Use of cell culture and a rapid diagnostic assay for Chlamydia trachomatis screening. JAMA. 1994;272:867-70.

Hook EW 3rd. A Recommendation Against Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes Infection-What Now? JAMA. 2016;316:2493-4.

Hook EW Rd. Syphilis. Lancet. 2017;389:1550-7.

Hooper RR, Reynolds GH, Jones OG, et al. Cohort study of venereal disease. I: the risk of gonorrhea transmission from infected women to men. Am J Epidemiol. 1978;108:136-44.

Hoots BE, Peterman TA, Torrone EA, Weinstock H, Meites E, Bolan GA. A Trich-y question: should Trichomonas vaginalis infection be reportable? Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:113-6.

Horn EE, Turkheimer E, Strachan E. Psychological distress, emotional stability, and emotion regulation moderate dynamics of herpes simplex virus type 2 recurrence. Ann Behav Med. 2015;49:187-98.

Hosenfeld CB, Workowski KA, Berman S, et al. Repeat infection with Chlamydia and gonorrhea among females: a systematic review of the literature. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36:478-89.

Howe K, Kissinger PJ. Single-dose compared with multidose metronidazole for the treatment of trichomoniasis in women: a meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2017;44:29-34.

Hu D, Hook EW 3rd, Goldie SJ. Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in women 15 to 29 years of age: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:501-13.

Hughes JP, Baeten JM, Lingappa JR, et al. Determinants of per-coital-act HIV-1 infectivity among African HIV-1-serodiscordant couples. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:358-65.

Huppert JS, Hesse E, Kim G, et al. Adolescent women can perform a point-of-care test for trichomoniasis as accurately as clinicians. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86:514-9.

Huppert JS, Hesse EA, Bernard MA, et al. Acceptability of self-testing for trichomoniasis increases with experience. Sex Transm Infect. 2011;87:494-500.

Huppert JS, Mortensen JE, Reed JL, et al. Rapid antigen testing compares favorably with transcription-mediated amplification assay for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in young women. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:194-8.

Hyndiuk RA, Seideman S, Leibsohn JM. Treatment of Vaccinial keratitis with trifluorothymidine. Arch Ophthalmol. 1976;94:1785-6.

Idahl A, Jurstrand M, Olofsson JI, Fredlund H. Mycoplasma genitalium serum antibodies in infertile couples and fertile women. Sex Transm Infect. 2015 Dec;91:589-91.

Ilkit M, Guzel AB. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidosis: a mycological perspective. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2011;37:250-61.

Insinga RP, Perez G, Wheeler CM, et al. Incidence, duration, and reappearance of type-specific cervical human papillomavirus infections in young women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19:1585-94.

Irwin KL, Moorman AC, O'Sullivan MJ, et al. Influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection on pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:525-34.

Ito S, Tsuchiya T, Yasuda M, Yokoi S, Nakano M, Deguchi T. Prevalence of genital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in men younger than 40 years-of-age with acute epididymitis. Int J Urol. 2012;19:234-8.

Izard J, Renken C, Hsieh CE, et al. Cryo-electron tomography elucidates the molecular architecture of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. J Bacteriol. 2009;191:7566-80.

Jacobson L, Weström L. Objectivized diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Diagnostic and prognostic value of routine laparoscopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1969;105:1088-98.

Jamard S, Handala L, Faussat C, et al. Resurgence of symptomatic Mpox among vaccinated patients: First clues from a new-onset local cluster. Infect Dis Now. 2023;53:104714.

James SH, Kimberlin DW. Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: epidemiology and treatment. Clin Perinatol. 2015;42:47-59, viii.

Jamieson DJ, Duerr A, Klein RS, et al. Longitudinal analysis of bacterial vaginosis: findings from the HIV epidemiology research study. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:656-63.

Jatlaoui TC, Riley HEM, Curtis KM. The safety of intrauterine devices among young women: a systematic review. Contraception. 2017;95:17-39.

Jemal A, Simard EP, Dorell C, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2009, featuring the burden and trends in human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated cancers and HPV vaccination coverage levels. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105:175-201.

Jensen IP, Fogh H, Prag J. Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in a sexually transmitted disease clinic: evaluation of a urine sample tested by enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction in comparison with a cervical and/or a urethral swab tested by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9:194-201.

Jensen JS, Bradshaw C. Management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections - can we hit a moving target? BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:343.

Jensen JS, Bradshaw CS, Tabrizi SN, Fairley CK, Hamasuna R. Azithromycin treatment failure in Mycoplasma genitalium-positive patients with nongonococcal urethritis is associated with induced macrolide resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:1546-53.

Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, Moi H, Wilson J, Unemo M. 2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36:641-50.

Jensen JS, Hansen HT, Lind K. Isolation of Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the male urethra. J Clin Microbiol. 1996;34:286-91.

Jensen JS. To Test or Not to Test for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasmas: That's (Not) the Question. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:669-71.

Joesoef MR, Hillier SL, Wiknjosastro G, et al. Intravaginal clindamycin treatment for bacterial vaginosis: effects on preterm delivery and low birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173:1527-31.

Johnson KA, Sankaran M, Kohn RP, Bacon O, Cohen SE. Testing for Mycoplasma genitalium and Using Doxycycline as First-Line Therapy at Initial Presentations for Non-Gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) Correlate With Reductions in Persistent NGU. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76:1674-7.

Johnston C, Corey L. Current Concepts for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Genital Tract Shedding. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2016;29:149-61.

Johnston C, Koelle DM, Wald A. Current status and prospects for development of an HSV vaccine. Vaccine. 2014;32:1553-60.

Johnston C, Magaret A, Selke S, Remington M, Corey L, Wald A. Herpes simplex virus viremia during primary genital infection. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:31-4.

Johnston C, Zhu J, Jing L, et al. Virologic and immunologic evidence of multifocal genital herpes simplex virus 2 infection. J Virol. 2014;88:4921-31.

Jossens MO, Eskenazi B, Schachter J, Sweet RL. Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease. A case control study. Sex Transm Dis. 1996;23:239-47.

Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, et al. A 9-valent HPV vaccine against infection and intraepithelial neoplasia in women. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:711-23.

Joyner JL, Douglas JM Jr, Ragsdale S, Foster M, Judson FN. Comparative prevalence of infection with Trichomonas vaginalis among men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. Sex Transm Dis. 2000;27:236-40.

Juckett G, Hartman-Adams H. Human papillomavirus: clinical manifestations and prevention. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82:1209-13.

Judlin P, Liao Q, Liu Z, Reimnitz P, Hampel B, Arvis P. Efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease: the MONALISA study. BJOG. 2010;117:1475-84.

Jurado RL, Campbell J, Martin PD. Prozone phenomenon in secondary syphilis. Has its time arrived? Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:2496-8.

Jurstrand M, Jensen JS, Magnuson A, Kamwendo F, Fredlund H. A serological study of the role of Mycoplasma genitalium in pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy. Sex Transm Infect. 2007;83:319-23.

Justel M, Alexandre I, Martínez P, et al. Vertical transmission of bacterial eye infections, Angola, 2011-2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:471-3.

Kacmar J, Cheh E, Montagno A, Peipert JF. A randomized trial of azithromycin versus amoxicillin for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnancy. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2001;9:197-202.

Kahn JG, Walker CK, Washington AE, Landers DV, Sweet RL. Diagnosing pelvic inflammatory disease. A comprehensive analysis and considerations for developing a new model. JAMA. 1991;266:2594-604.

Kaplowitz LG, Baker D, Gelb L, et al. Prolonged continuous acyclovir treatment of normal adults with frequently recurring genital herpes simplex virus infection. The Acyclovir Study Group. JAMA. 1991;265:747-51.

Karani A, De Vuyst H, Luchters S, et al. The Pap smear for detection of bacterial vaginosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;98:20-3.

Karlsson A, Österlund A, Forssén A. Pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis is not uncommon any more. Scand J Infect Dis. 2011;43:344-8.

Karmarkar EN, Golden MR, Kerani RP, et al. Association of Tecovirimat Therapy With Mpox Symptom Improvement: A Cross-sectional Study-King County, Washington, May-October 2022. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Mar;11:ofae029.

Katusic D, Petricek I, Mandic Z, et al. Azithromycin vs doxycycline in the treatment of inclusion conjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;135:447-51.

Katz DA, Dombrowski JC, Bell TR, Kerani RP, Golden MR. HIV incidence among men who have sex with men After diagnosis with sexually transmitted infections. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43:249-54.

Keating TM, Kurth AE, Wald A, Kahle EM, Barash EA, Buskin SE. Clinical burden of herpes simplex virus disease in people with human immunodeficiency virus. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:372-6.

Keefe KA, Schell MJ, Brewer C, et al. A randomized, double blind, Phase III trial using oral beta-carotene supplementation for women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001;10:1029-35.

Kelley CF, Rosenberg ES, OʼHara BM, Sanchez T, del Rio C, Sullivan PS. Prevalence of urethral Trichomonas vaginalis in black and white men who have sex with men. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:739.

Kellock D, O'Mahony CP. Sexually acquired metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis in a lesbian couple. Genitourin Med. 1996;72:60-1.

Kennedy MA, Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species: new insights. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010;12:465-70.

Kerle KK, Mascola JR, Miller TA. Disseminated gonococcal infection. Am Fam Physician. 1992;45:209-14.

Khosropour CM, Dombrowski JC, Barbee LA, Manhart LE, Golden MR. Comparing azithromycin and doxycycline for the treatment of rectal chlamydial infection: a retrospective cohort study. Sex Transm Dis. 2014;41:79-85.

Khosropour CM, Jensen JS, Soge OO, et al. High Prevalence of Vaginal and Rectal Mycoplasma genitalium Macrolide Resistance Among Female Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Patients in Seattle, Washington. Sex Transm Dis. 2020 May;47:321-325.

Kibungu EM, Vakaniaki EH, Kinganda-Lusamaki E, et al. Clade I-Associated Mpox Cases Associated with Sexual Contact, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30:172-6.

Kidd S, Workowski KA. Management of Gonorrhea in Adolescents and Adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61 Suppl 8:S785-801.

Kidd SE, Grey JA, Torrone EA, Weinstock HS. Increased Methamphetamine, Injection Drug, and Heroin Use Among Women and Heterosexual Men with Primary and Secondary Syphilis - United States, 2013-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68:144-8.

Kim CM, Manhart LE, Wood GE. Serum and Urethral Antibody Response in Mycoplasma genitalium -Infected Men. Sex Transm Dis. 2023 Oct 1;50:e26-e29.

Kimberlin DW, Baley J. Guidance on management of asymptomatic neonates born to women with active genital herpes lesions. Pediatrics. 2013;131:383-6.

Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Jacobs RF, et al. Natural history of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in the acyclovir era. Pediatrics. 2001;108:223-9.

Kimberlin DW, Rouse DJ. Clinical practice. Genital herpes. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1970-7.

Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ, Wan W, et al. Oral acyclovir suppression and neurodevelopment after neonatal herpes. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1284-92.

Kinghorn GR, Turner EB, Barton IG, Potter CW, Burke CA, Fiddian AP. Efficacy of topical acyclovir cream in first and recurrent episodes of genital herpes. Antiviral Res. 1983;3:291-301.

Kingston MA, Bansal D, Carlin EM. 'Shelf life' of Trichomonas vaginalis. Int J STD AIDS. 2003;14:28-9.

Kirkcaldy RD, Augostini P, Asbel LE, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis antimicrobial drug resistance in 6 US cities, STD Surveillance Network, 2009-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18:939-43.

Kirkcaldy RD, Harvey A, Papp JR, et al. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Susceptibility Surveillance - The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 27 Sites, United States, 2014. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2016;65:1-19.

Kirkcaldy RD, Weinstock HS, Moore PC, et al. The efficacy and safety of gentamicin plus azithromycin and gemifloxacin plus azithromycin as treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:1083-91.

Kissinger P, Adamski A, Clark RA, Mena L, Levison J, Martin DH. Does antiretroviral therapy interfere with the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis among HIV+ women? Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:506-7.

Kissinger P, Adamski A. Trichomoniasis and HIV interactions: a review. Sex Transm Infect. 2013;89:426-33.

Kissinger P, Amedee A, Clark RA, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis treatment reduces vaginal HIV-1 shedding. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36:11-6.

Kissinger P, Mena L, Levison J, et al. A randomized treatment trial: single versus 7-day dose of metronidazole for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis among HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55:565-71.

Kissinger P, Muzny CA, Mena LA, et al. Single-dose versus 7-day-dose metronidazole for the treatment of trichomoniasis in women: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:1251-9.

Klausner JD, Chaw JK. Patient-delivered therapy for chlamydia: putting research into practice. Sex Transm Dis. 2003;30:509-11.

Klausner JD, Kohn R, Kent C. Etiology of clinical proctitis among men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:300-2.

Klebanoff MA, Andrews WW, Zhang J, et al. Race of male sex partners and occurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37:184-90.

Klebanoff MA, Carey JC, Hauth JC, et al. Failure of metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery among pregnant women with asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infection. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:487-93.

Klebanoff MA, Nansel TR, Brotman RM, et al. Personal hygienic behaviors and bacterial vaginosis. Sex Transm Dis. 2010;37:94-9.

Klebanoff MA, Schwebke JR, Zhang J, Nansel TR, Yu KF, Andrews WW. Vulvovaginal symptoms in women with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;104:267-72.

Knox J, Tabrizi SN, Miller P, et al. Evaluation of self-collected samples in contrast to practitioner-collected samples for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction among women living in remote areas. Sex Transm Dis. 2002;29:647-54.

Koelle DM, Benedetti J, Langenberg A, Corey L. Asymptomatic reactivation of herpes simplex virus in women after the first episode of genital herpes. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:433-7.

Kong FY, Tabrizi SN, Fairley CK, et al. The efficacy of azithromycin and doxycycline for the treatment of rectal chlamydia infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:1290-7.

Kong FY, Tabrizi SN, Law M, et al. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for the treatment of genital chlamydia infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:193-205.

Kopp T, Geusau A, Rieger A, Stingl G. Successful treatment of an aciclovir-resistant herpes simplex type 2 infection with cidofovir in an AIDS patient. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:134-8.

Korn AP, Landers DV, Green JR, Sweet RL. Pelvic inflammatory disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;82:765-8.

Koss CA, Baras DC, Lane SD, et al. Investigation of metronidazole use during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:4800-5.

Kotaniemi-Talonen L, Nieminen P, Anttila A, Hakama M. Routine cervical screening with primary HPV testing and cytology triage protocol in a randomised setting. Br J Cancer. 2005;93:862-7.

Koumans EH, Markowitz LE, Hogan V. Indications for therapy and treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant and pregnant women: a synthesis of data. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:S152-72.

Koumans EH, Sternberg M, Bruce C, et al. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; associations with symptoms, sexual behaviors, and reproductive health. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34:864-9.

Koutsky LA, Ault KA, Wheeler CM, et al. A controlled trial of a human papillomavirus type 16 vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1645-51.

Kreimer AR, Pierce Campbell CM, Lin HY, et al. Incidence and clearance of oral human papillomavirus infection in men: the HIM cohort study. Lancet. 2013;382:877-87.

Kreisel K, Torrone E, Bernstein K, Hong J, Gorwitz R. Prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease in sexually experienced women of reproductive age - United States, 2013-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66:80-3.

Kreisel KM, Llata E, Haderxhanaj L, et al. The burden of and trends in pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States, 2006-2016. J Infect Dis. 2021;224:S103-S112.

Kreisel KM, Spicknall IH, Gargano JW, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2018. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:208-14.

Kreisel KM, Weston EJ, St Cyr SB, Spicknall IH. Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Among US Men and Women, 2018. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:222-31.

Kukhanova MK, Korovina AN, Kochetkov SN. Human herpes simplex virus: life cycle and development of inhibitors. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2014;79:1635-52.

Kupila L, Vuorinen T, Vainionpää R, Hukkanen V, Marttila RJ, Kotilainen P. Etiology of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in an adult population. Neurology. 2006;66:75-80.

Lafferty WE, Downey L, Celum C, Wald A. Herpes simplex virus type 1 as a cause of genital herpes: impact on surveillance and prevention. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:1454-7.

Lafond RE, Lukehart SA. Biological basis for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:29-49.

Lalezari J, Schacker T, Feinberg J, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cidofovir gel for the treatment of acyclovir-unresponsive mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:892-8.

Lam JU, Rebolj M, Dugué PA, Bonde J, von Euler-Chelpin M, Lynge E. Condom use in prevention of Human Papillomavirus infections and cervical neoplasia: systematic review of longitudinal studies. J Med Screen. 2014;21:38-50.

Lamont RF, Nhan-Chang CL, Sobel JD, Workowski K, Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R. Treatment of abnormal vaginal flora in early pregnancy with clindamycin for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205:177-90.

Landers DV, Sweet RL. Current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of tuboovarian abscess. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;151:1098-110.

Langenberg AG, Corey L, Ashley RL, Leong WP, Straus SE. A prospective study of new infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. Chiron HSV Vaccine Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:1432-8.

Lareau SM, Beigi RH. Pelvic inflammatory disease and tubo-ovarian abscess. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2008;22:693-708.

Larsen B, Glover DD. Serum erythromycin levels in pregnancy. Clin Ther. 1998;20:971-7.

Larsen SA, Steiner BM, Rudolph AH. Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995;8:1-21.

Larsson PG, Carlsson B. Does pre- and postoperative metronidazole treatment lower vaginal cuff infection rate after abdominal hysterectomy among women with bacterial vaginosis? Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2002;10:133-40.

Larsson PG, Platz-Christensen JJ, Thejls H, Forsum U, Påhlson C. Incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease after first-trimester legal abortion in women with bacterial vaginosis after treatment with metronidazole: a double-blind, randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166:100-3.

Lascaux AS, Caumes E, Deback C, et al. Successful treatment of aciclovir and foscarnet resistant Herpes simplex virus lesions with topical imiquimod in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Med Virol. 2012;84:194-7.

Latimer RL, Read TRH, Vodstrcil LA, et al. Clinical Features and Therapeutic Response in Women Meeting Criteria for Presumptive Treatment for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Associated With Mycoplasma genitalium. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46:73-9.

Latimer RL, Shilling HS, Vodstrcil LA, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium by anatomical site in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect. 2020;96:563-570.

Lau A, Bradshaw CS, Lewis D, et al. The efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of genital Mycoplasma genitalium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:1389-99.

Lau A, Kong F, Fairley CK, et al. Treatment efficacy of azithromycin 1 g single dose versus doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 7 days for the treatment of rectal chlamydia among men who have sex with men - a double-blind randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17:35.

Lau A, Kong FYS, Fairley CK, et al. Azithromycin or doxycycline for asymptomatic rectal Chlamydia trachomatis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:2418-27.

Lau CY, Qureshi AK. Azithromycin versus doxycycline for genital chlamydial infections: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Sex Transm Dis. 2002;29:497-502.

Laurenson-Schafer H, Sklenovská N, Hoxha A, et al. Description of the first global outbreak of mpox: an analysis of global surveillance data. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11:e1012-e1023.

Lautenschlager S. Cutaneous manifestations of syphilis: recognition and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2006;7:291-304.

Laxmi U, Agrawal S, Raghunandan C, Randhawa VS, Saili A. Association of bacterial vaginosis with adverse fetomaternal outcome in women with spontaneous preterm labor: a prospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25:64-7.

Lazenby GB, Korte JE, Tillman S, Brown FK, Soper DE. A recommendation for timing of repeat Chlamydia trachomatis test following infection and treatment in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28:902-909.

Le Cleach L, Trinquart L, Do G, et al. Oral antiviral therapy for prevention of genital herpes outbreaks in immunocompetent and nonpregnant patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD009036.

Le Pluart D, Ruyer-Thompson M, Ferré VM, et al. A Healthcare-Associated Infection With Monkeypox Virus of a Healthcare Worker During the 2022 Outbreak. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9:ofac520.

Le Roy C, Pereyre S, Hénin N, Bébéar C. French Prospective Clinical Evaluation of the Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium CE-IVD Assay and Macrolide Resistance Detection Using Three Distinct Assays. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55:3194-3200.

Le Roy C, Touati A, Balcon C, et al. Identification of 16S rRNA mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium potentially associated with tetracycline resistance in vivo but not selected in vitro in M. genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021;76:1150-4.

Lebrun-Vignes B, Bouzamondo A, Dupuy A, Guillaume JC, Lechat P, Chosidow O. A meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of oral antiviral treatment to prevent genital herpes outbreaks. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;57:238-46.

Lee V, Tobin JM, Foley E. Relationship of cervical ectopy to chlamydia infection in young women. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2006;32:104-6.

Lee VF, Tobin JM, Harindra V. Re-infection of Chlamydia trachomatis in patients presenting to the genitourinary medicine clinic in Portsmouth: the chlamydia screening pilot study - three years on. Int J STD AIDS. 2004;15:744-6.

LeFevre ML; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:902-10.

LeGoff J, Péré H, Bélec L. Diagnosis of genital herpes simplex virus infection in the clinical laboratory. Virol J. 2014;11:83.

Lei J, Ploner A, Elfström KM, et al. HPV Vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1340-8.

Leichliter JS, Chandra A, Aral SO. Correlates of self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease treatment in sexually experienced reproductive-aged women in the United States, 1995 and 2006-2010. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:413-8.

Leone P, Warren T, Hamed K, Fife K, Wald A. Famciclovir reduces viral mucosal shedding in HSV-seropositive persons. Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34:900-7.

Levin MJ, Bacon TH, Leary JJ. Resistance of herpes simplex virus infections to nucleoside analogues in HIV-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39 Suppl 5:S248-57.

Lewis RM, Laprise JF, Gargano JW, et al. Estimated Prevalence and Incidence of Disease-Associated Human Papillomavirus Types Among 15- to 59-Year-Olds in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:273-7.

Li Y, Le WJ, Li S, Cao YP, Su XH. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of moxifloxacin in treating Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28:1106-14.

Li Y, Su X, Le W, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium in Symptomatic Male Urethritis: Macrolide Use Is Associated With Increased Resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70:805-10.

Likos AM, Sammons SA, Olson VA, et al. A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses. J Gen Virol. 2005;86:2661-72.

Lin C, Franceschi S, Clifford GM. Human papillomavirus types from infection to cancer in the anus, according to sex and HIV status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:198-206.

Lin JS, Donegan SP, Heeren TC, et al. Transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among men with urethritis and their female sex partners. J Infect Dis. 1998;178:1707-12.

Lis R, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Manhart LE. Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:418-26.

Liu CM, Hungate BA, Tobian AA, et al. Penile microbiota and female partner bacterial vaginosis in Rakai, Uganda. MBio. 2015;6:e00589.

Livengood CH 3rd, Hill GB, Addison WA. Pelvic inflammatory disease: findings during inpatient treatment of clinically severe, laparoscopy-documented disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166:519-24.

Lokken EM, Balkus JE, Kiarie J, et al. Association of Recent Bacterial Vaginosis With Acquisition of Mycoplasma genitalium. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186:194-201.

Lokken EM, Kabare E, Oyaro B, et al. A prospective preconception cohort study of the association between Mycoplasma genitalium and fecundability in Kenyan women trying to conceive. Hum Reprod. 2023;38:2020-7.

Louik C, Werler MM, Mitchell AA. Erythromycin use during pregnancy in relation to pyloric stenosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:288-90.

Lukehart SA, Godornes C, Molini BJ, et al. Macrolide resistance in Treponema pallidum in the United States and Ireland. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:154-8.

Lukehart SA, Hook EW 3rd, Baker-Zander SA, Collier AC, Critchlow CW, Handsfield HH. Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:855-62.

Luki N, Lebel P, Boucher M, Doray B, Turgeon J, Brousseau R. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assay with culture for detection of genital mycoplasmas in perinatal infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998;17:255-63.

Lunny C, Taylor D, Hoang L, et al. Self-collected versus clinician-collected sampling for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea screening: a systemic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0132776.

Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:830-9.

Mabey D, Peeling RW. Lymphogranuloma venereum. Sex Transm Infect. 2002;78:90-2.

Machado Junior LC, Dalmaso AS, Carvalho HB. Evidence for benefits from treating cervical ectopy: literature review. Sao Paulo Med J. 2008;126:132-9.

Machalek DA, Garland SM, Brotherton JML, et al. Very low prevalence of vaccine human papillomavirus types among 18- to 35-year old Australian women 9 Years following implementation of vaccination. J Infect Dis. 2018;217:1590-1600.

Machalek DA, Poynten M, Jin F, et al. Anal human papillomavirus infection and associated neoplastic lesions in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:487-500.

Machalek DA, Tao Y, Shilling H, et al. Prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma genitalium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20:1302-14.

Madewell ZJ, Charniga K, Masters NB, et al. Serial Interval and Incubation Period Estimates of Monkeypox Virus Infection in 12 Jurisdictions, United States, May-August 2022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2023;29:818-21.

Magid D, Douglas JM Jr, Schwartz JS. Doxycycline compared with azithromycin for treating women with genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections: an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:389-99.

Mailhe M, Beaumont AL, Thy M, et al. Clinical characteristics of ambulatory and hospitalized patients with monkeypox virus infection: an observational cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023;29:233-9.

Management of Genital Herpes in Pregnancy: ACOG Practice Bulletin Summary, Number 220. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135:1236-8.

Manavi K, Hettiarachchi N, Hodson J. Comparison of doxycycline with azithromycin in treatment of pharyngeal chlamydia infection. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27:1303-8.

Manguro GO, Masese LN, Deya RW, et al. Genital HSV Shedding among Kenyan Women Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0163541.

Manhart LE, Gaydos CA, Taylor SN, et al. Characteristics of Mycoplasma genitalium Urogenital Infections in a Diverse Patient Sample from the United States: Results from the Aptima Mycoplasma genitalium Evaluation Study (AMES). J Clin Microbiol. 2020 Jun 24;58:.

Manhart LE, Geisler WM, Bradshaw CS, Jensen JS, Martin DH. Weighing Potential Benefits and Harms of Mycoplasma genitalium Testing and Treatment Approaches. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022:28:e220094.

Manhart LE, Gillespie CW, Lowens MS, et al. Standard treatment regimens for nongonococcal urethritis have similar but declining cure rates: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56:934-42.

Manhart LE, Holmes KK, Hughes JP, Houston LS, Totten PA. Mycoplasma genitalium among young adults in the United States: an emerging sexually transmitted infection. Am J Public Health. 2007;97:1118-25.

Manhart LE, Kay N. Mycoplasma genitalium: Is It a Sexually Transmitted Pathogen? Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010;12:306-13.

Manhart LE, Khosropour CM, Liu C, et al. Bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria in men: association of Leptotrichia/Sneathia spp. with nongonococcal urethritis. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:944-9.

Manhart LE, Leipertz G, Soge OO, et al. Mycoplasma genitalium in the US (MyGeniUS): Surveillance Data From Sexual Health Clinics in 4 US Regions. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77:1449-59.

Mann JR, McDermott S, Gill T. Sexually transmitted infection is associated with increased risk of preterm birth in South Carolina women insured by Medicaid. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010;23:563-8.

Mann JR, McDermott S, Zhou L, Barnes TL, Hardin J. Treatment of trichomoniasis in pregnancy and preterm birth: an observational study. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18:493-7.

Mann LM, Llata E, Flagg EW, et al. Trends in the prevalence of anogenital warts among patients at sexually transmitted disease cinics-Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network, United States, 2010-2016. J Infect Dis. 2019;219:1389-97.

Mantovani F, Banks L. The human papillomavirus E6 protein and its contribution to malignant progression. Oncogene. 2001;20:7874-87.

Marchaim D, Lemanek L, Bheemreddy S, Kaye KS, Sobel JD. Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans vulvovaginitis. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120:1407-14.

Marchand L, Mundt M, Klein G, Agarwal SC. Optimal collection technique and devices for a quality pap smear. WMJ. 2005;104:51-5.

Marcus JL, Glidden DV, McMahan V, et al. Daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis and herpes simplex virus type 2 among men who have sex with men. PLoS One. 2014;9:e91513.

Marcus JL, Kohn RP, Barry PM, Philip SS, Bernstein KT. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission from the female oropharynx to the male urethra. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38:372-3.

Mark KE, Wald A, Magaret AS, et al. Rapidly cleared episodes of herpes simplex virus reactivation in immunocompetent adults. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:1141-9.

Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccination: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2014;63:1-30.

Markowitz LE, Gee J, Chesson H, Stokley S. Ten years of human papillomavirus vaccination in the United States. Acad Pediatr. 2018;18:S3-S10.

Markowitz LE, Hariri S, Lin C, et al. Reduction in human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence among young women following HPV vaccine introduction in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2003-2010. J Infect Dis. 2013;208:385-93.

Markowitz LE, Liu G, Hariri S, Steinau M, Dunne EF, Unger ER. Prevalence of HPV After Introduction of the Vaccination Program in the United States. Pediatrics. 2016;137:e20151968.

Marra CM, Maxwell CL, Smith SL, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities in patients with syphilis: association with clinical and laboratory features. J Infect Dis. 2004;189:369-76.

Marra CM, Maxwell CL, Tantalo LC, Sahi SK, Lukehart SA. Normalization of serum rapid plasma reagin titer predicts normalization of cerebrospinal fluid and clinical abnormalities after treatment of neurosyphilis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:893-9.

Marra CM, Tantalo LC, Maxwell CL, Ho EL, Sahi SK, Jones T. The rapid plasma reagin test cannot replace the venereal disease research laboratory test for neurosyphilis diagnosis. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:453-7.

Marra CM. Neurosyphilis. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2015;21:1714-28.

Marra CM. Update on neurosyphilis. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2009;11:127-34.

Marra E, Kovaleva A, Bruisten SM, Vermeulen W, Boyd A, Schim van der Loeff MF. Incidence and Clearance of Anal High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infections and Their Determinants Over 5 Years Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative Men Who Have Sex With Men. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68:1556-65.

Marrazzo J, Rabe L, Kelly C et al. Association of tenofovir (TFV) detection with reduced risk of herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) acquisition in the VOICE (MTN 003) study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:A31.

Marrazzo JM, Antonio M, Agnew K, Hillier SL. Distribution of genital Lactobacillus strains shared by female sex partners. J Infect Dis. 2009;199:680-3.

Marrazzo JM, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Agnew K, Stine K, Hillier SL. Characterization of vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis in women who have sex with women. J Infect Dis. 2002;185:1307-13.

Marrazzo JM, Martin DH. Management of women with cervicitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44 Suppl 3:S102-10.

Marrazzo JM, Thomas KK, Fiedler TL, Ringwood K, Fredricks DN. Relationship of specific vaginal bacteria and bacterial vaginosis treatment failure in women who have sex with women. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:20-8.

Marrazzo JM, Thomas KK, Fiedler TL, Ringwood K, Fredricks DN. Risks for acquisition of bacterial vaginosis among women who report sex with women: a cohort study. PLoS One. 2010;5:e11139.

Martin DH, Jones RB, Johnson RB. A phase-II study of trovafloxacin for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Sex Transm Dis. 1999;26:369-73.

Martin ET, Krantz E, Gottlieb SL, et al. A pooled analysis of the effect of condoms in preventing HSV-2 acquisition. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1233-40.

Martin HL, Richardson BA, Nyange PM, et al. Vaginal lactobacilli, microbial flora, and risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and sexually transmitted disease acquisition. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1863-8.

Marx GE, Dhanireddy S, Marrazzo JM, et al. Variations in clinical presentation of ocular syphilis: case series reported from a growing epidemic in the United States. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43:519-23.

Masek BJ, Arora N, Quinn N, et al. Performance of three nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of self-collected vaginal swabs obtained via an Internet-based screening program. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:1663-7.

Masese LN, Graham SM, Gitau R, et al. A prospective study of vaginal trichomoniasis and HIV-1 shedding in women on antiretroviral therapy. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11:307.

Massad LS, Einstein MH, Huh WK, et al. 2012 updated consensus guidelines for the management of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121:829-46.

Mastromarino P, Macchia S, Meggiorini L, et al. Effectiveness of Lactobacillus-containing vaginal tablets in the treatment of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15:67-74.

Matthias J, du Bernard S, Schillinger JA, Hong J, Pearson V, Peterman TA. Estimating Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Incidence and Mortality Using Capture-recapture, Florida. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:506-12.

Maturo SC, Hartnick CJ. Juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;73:105-8.

Mayer KH, Bush T, Henry K, et al. Ongoing sexually transmitted disease acquisition and risk-taking behavior among US HIV-infected patients in primary care: implications for prevention interventions. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:1-7.

Mayrand MH, Duarte-Franco E, Rodrigues I, et al. Human papillomavirus DNA versus Papanicolaou screening tests for cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1579-88.

Mazzotta V, Cozzi-Lepri A, Lanini S, et al. Effect of tecovirimat on healing time and viral clearance by emulation of a target trial in patients hospitalized for mpox. J Med Virol. 2023;95:e28868.

McBride AA. Human papillomaviruses: diversity, infection and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Sep 14. Online ahead of print.

McClelland RS, Lingappa JR, Srinivasan S, et al. Evaluation of the association between the concentrations of key vaginal bacteria and the increased risk of HIV acquisition in African women from five cohorts: a nested case-control study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:554-64.

McClelland RS, Richardson BA, Hassan WM, et al. Improvement of vaginal health for Kenyan women at risk for acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: results of a randomized trial. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:1361-8.

McClelland RS, Sangare L, Hassan WM, et al. Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. J Infect Dis. 2007;195:698-702.

McCormack WM, Dalu ZA, Martin DH, et al. Double-blind comparison of trovafloxacin and doxycycline in the treatment of uncomplicated Chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis. Trovafloxacin Chlamydial Urethritis/Cervicitis Study Group. Sex Transm Dis. 1999;26:531-6.

McCormack WM, Martin DH, Hook EW 3rd, Jones RB. Daily oral grepafloxacin vs. twice daily oral doxycycline in the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis endocervical infection. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6:109-15.

McCormack WM, Stumacher RJ, Johnson K, Donner A. Clinical spectrum of gonococcal infection in women. Lancet. 1977;1:1182-5.

McElhiney LF Pharmd Rph. Topical cidofovir for treatment of resistant viral infections. Int J Pharm Compd. 2006;10:324-8.

McElligott KA, Havrilesky LJ, Myers ER. Preoperative screening strategies for bacterial vaginosis prior to elective hysterectomy: a cost comparison study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;205:500.e1-7.

McGregor JA, Crombleholme WR, Newton E, Sweet RL, Tuomala R, Gibbs RS. Randomized comparison of ampicillin-sulbactam to cefoxitin and doxycycline or clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease or endometritis. Obstet Gynecol. 1994;83:998-1004.

McGregor JA, French JI, Jones W, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with prematurity and vaginal fluid mucinase and sialidase: results of a controlled trial of topical clindamycin cream. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;170:1048-59.

McNeeley SG, Hendrix SL, Mazzoni MM, Kmak DC, Ransom SB. Medically sound, cost-effective treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease and tuboovarian abscess. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;178:1272-8.

McQuillan G, Kruszon-Moran D, Flagg EW, Paulose-Ram R. Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 in Persons Aged 14-49: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS Data Brief. 2018;304:1-8.

Medoro AK, Sánchez PJ. Syphilis in Neonates and Infants. Clin Perinatol. 2021;48:293-309.

Mehta SD. Systematic review of randomized trials of treatment of male sexual partners for improved bacteria vaginosis outcomes in women. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39:822-30.

Meites E, Gaydos CA, Hobbs MM, et al. A review of evidence-based care of symptomatic Trichomoniasis and asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61 Suppl 8:S837-48.

Meites E, Kempe A, Markowitz LE. Use of a 2-Dose Schedule for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination - Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:1405-8.

Meites E, Llata E, Braxton J, et al. Trichomonas vaginalis in selected U.S. sexually transmitted disease clinics: testing, screening, and prevalence. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:865-9.

Meites E, Szilagyi PG, Chesson HW, Unger ER, Romero JR, Markowitz LE. Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Adults: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68:698-702.

Mena LA, Mroczkowski TF, Nsuami M, Martin DH. A randomized comparison of azithromycin and doxycycline for the treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium-positive urethritis in men. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1649-54.

Mendoza R, Petras JK, Jenkins P, et al. Monkeypox Virus Infection Resulting from an Occupational Needlestick - Florida, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:1348-9.

Mergenhagen KA, Wattengel BA, Skelly MK, Clark CM, Russo TA. Fact versus Fiction: a Review of the Evidence behind Alcohol and Antibiotic Interactions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64:e02167-19.

Mertz GJ, Benedetti J, Ashley R, Selke SA, Corey L. Risk factors for the sexual transmission of genital herpes. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:197-202.

Mertz GJ, Critchlow CW, Benedetti J, et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oral acyclovir in first-episode genital herpes simplex virus infection. JAMA. 1984;252:1147-51.

Mertz GJ, Loveless MO, Levin MJ, et al. Oral famciclovir for suppression of recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infection in women. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Collaborative Famciclovir Genital Herpes Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:343-9.

Mertz GJ, Schmidt O, Jourden JL, et al. Frequency of acquisition of first-episode genital infection with herpes simplex virus from symptomatic and asymptomatic source contacts. Sex Transm Dis. 1985;12:33-9.

Mertz GJ. Asymptomatic shedding of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2: implications for prevention of transmission. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:1098-100.

Meyers D, Wolff T, Gregory K, et al. USPSTF recommendations for STI screening. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:819-24.

Meyskens FL Jr, Surwit E, Moon TE, et al. Enhancement of regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II (moderate dysplasia) with topically applied all-trans-retinoic acid: a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994;86:539-43.

Michalas SP. The Pap test: George N. Papanicolaou (1883-1962). A screening test for the prevention of cancer of uterine cervix. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000;90:135-8.

Mikamo H, Iwasaku K, Yamagishi Y, Matsumizu M, Nagashima M. Efficacy and safety of intravenous azithromycin followed by oral azithromycin for the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and perihepatitis in Japanese women. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20:429-35.

Mikamo H, Ninomiya M, Tamaya T. Clinical efficacy of clarithromycin against uterine cervical and pharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction to detect C. trachomatis at various time points after treatment. J Infect Chemother. 2003;9:282-3.

Mikamo H, Sato Y, Hayasaki Y, Hua YX, Tamaya T. Adequate levofloxacin treatment schedules for uterine cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Chemotherapy. 2000;46:150-2.

Mikamo H, Sato Y, Hayasaki Y, Tamaya T. Adequate macrolide treatment schedules for uterine cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Chemotherapy. 1999;45:396-8.

Miller M, Liao Y, Wagner M, Korves C. HIV, the clustering of sexually transmitted infections, and sex risk among African American women who use drugs. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35:696-702.

Miller MJ, Cash-Goldwasser S, Marx GE, et al. Severe Monkeypox in Hospitalized Patients - United States, August 10-October 10, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:1412-7.

Miller WC, Ford CA, Morris M, et al. Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States. JAMA. 2004;291:2229-36.

Mills BB. Vaginitis: Beyond the Basics. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2017;44:159-177.

Mills MG, Juergens KB, Gov JP, et al. Evaluation and clinical validation of monkeypox (mpox) virus real-time PCR assays. J Clin Virol. 2023;159:105373.

Minkoff H, Grunebaum AN, Schwarz RH, et al. Risk factors for prematurity and premature rupture of membranes: a prospective study of the vaginal flora in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;150:965-72.

Mitchell C, Manhart LE, Thomas KK, Agnew K, Marrazzo JM. Effect of sexual activity on vaginal colonization with hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli and Gardnerella vaginalis. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38:1137-44.

Mitchell C, Marrazzo J. Bacterial vaginosis and the cervicovaginal immune response. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2014;71:555-63.

Mitchell CM, Anyalechi GE, Cohen CR, Haggerty CL, Manhart LE, Hillier SL. Etiology and Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Looking Beyond Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. J Infect Dis. 2021;224:S29-S35.

Mitchell SJ, Engelman J, Kent CK, Lukehart SA, Godornes C, Klausner JD. Azithromycin-resistant syphilis infection: San Francisco, California, 2000-2004. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;42:337-45.

Mitjà O, Alemany A, Marks M, et al. Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: a global case series. Lancet. 2023;401:939-49.

Miura F, van Ewijk CE, Backer JA, et al. Estimated incubation period for monkeypox cases confirmed in the Netherlands, May 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(24):2200448.

Miyai T, Turner KR, Kent CK, Klausner J. The psychosocial impact of testing individuals with no history of genital herpes for herpes simplex virus type 2. Sex Transm Dis. 2004;31:517-21.